Abstract:
:The intestinal immune system discriminates between potentially harmful and harmless foreign proteins. The basis for this differential response may be related to the conditions of antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, as determined by their phenotype or activation state. How these conditions affect specific immunologic unresponsiveness to later challenge with an antigen is not known. Two possible mechanisms are the induction of anergy or deletion of responsive cells and the activation of regulatory cells or mediators, and the mechanism may very depending on the tolerizing regimen used. Should regulatory cells be involved, they are speculated to induce tolerance through their production of inhibitory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta. Studies using specific antibodies and selective genetic knockout (KO) strains of mice, however, have provided conflicting data. A final intriguing possibility is that tolerance results from cognate interactions between T cells and APCs, so that tolerant T cells or APCs prime T cells they contact to deliver a tolerogenic signal to the next T cell they encounter, possibly through a function dependent on interactions between Notch family receptors and their ligands. As with many questions in mucosal immunology, definition of the mechanisms of oral tolerance (OT) has proved difficult to address experimentally, but promising approaches include study of the distribution of fed antigen, of targeted genetic KOs, and of transgenic strains.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Smith KM,Eaton AD,Finlayson LM,Garside Pdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_3.15tac7keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
S175-8issue
4 Pt 2eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In mechanically ventilated patients, pressure and flow tracings can be used to assess respiratory pump muscle activity or rest. When the ventilation is delivered through an endotracheal tube, the respiratory system can be considered a one-compartment model, and activation of the respiratory muscles results in deformat...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.6.9196120
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In a pulmonary process characterized by spatially heterogeneous loss of aeration, the impairment of gas exchange is expected to depend on the regional distribution of perfusion relative to that of aeration. OBJECTIVES:To investigate how regional aeration, shunt, and perfusion are interrelated at different le...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-484OC
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the status of activation of lymphocytes and the role of cytokines on the inflammatory response of the bronchial mucosa in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma, we performed a quantitative analysis of bronchial biopsies obtained from 15 subjects with TDI-induced asthma and seven normal control subjects. Marke...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.3.7533600
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired lung epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) activity at the time of birth results in respiratory distress. To investigate potential mechanisms, the ontogeny and cellular distribution of the alphaENaC subunit mRNA expression was studied in normal, immature, and abnormal (hypoplastic) human fetal lungs using nonradioi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.9905064
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured in rats the effects of 48 h of mechanical ventilation on the weight, contractile properties, and enzymatic profile of the diaphragm, the soleus and the extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscles. Eighteen animals were randomly divided into a mechanically ventilated (MV, n = 9) group or a control (C, n = 9) g...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.6.8004310
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have considerable potential for treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The important technological advantages of nanoparticles used as drug carriers are high stability, high carrier capacity, feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and feasibility ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-613PP
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES:To examine whether these medications might be associated with an excess risk of pneumonia. METHODS:We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of patients with COPD from Que...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200611-1630OC
更新日期:2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Current thinking accredits eosinophils with preeminent contributions to allergic airway responses, including a major role in the development of airway remodeling, a process thought to significantly contribute to airway dysfunction. However, direct evidence in support of this notion is limited and often contro...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0736OC
更新日期:2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Asthma commonly originates in early life in association with impaired lung function, which tracks to adulthood. OBJECTIVES:Within the context of a prospective birth cohort study, we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) ge...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1708OC
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The promise of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been fully realized, and the extent of improvement in respiratory outcomes is unclear. We hypothesized that significant lung disease was present at diagnosis. OBJECTIVES:To determine the extent of lung disease in a geographically defined...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0069OC
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria in cystic fibrosis is associated with accelerated decline in pulmonary function and increased mortality. Clinical implications of the recently characterized genomovar VI, B. dolosa, are unknown. OBJECTIVES:Characterization of impact of B. dolosa on...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200503-344OC
更新日期:2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Daily azithromycin decreases acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but long-term side effects are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To identify the types of exacerbations most likely to be reduced and clinical subgroups most likely to benefit from azithromycin, 250 mg daily, added to usual...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201402-0207OC
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::We developed clonal cell lines of human bronchial smooth muscle origin by retroviral transduction of temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large tumor (T) antigen. These cells show increased growth potential at 33 degrees C, but on shift to the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), they show diminished or arrested...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200307-964OC
更新日期:2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::A dysfunction of pathways that normally cause contraction or relaxation of airways has been proposed to explain heightened levels of responsiveness produced by various insults to the airway. For example, we previously reported (4) that infection of cotton rats with the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) leads to...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9705026
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of diaphragm injury, to quantify the injury and number of macrophages at the light microscopic level, and to determine their association with airflow obstruction in humans. Partial-thickness diaphragm biopsies were obtained from 21 subjects going for thoracotomy sur...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2001042
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological data indicate that living or working in a moldy building is associated with increased risk of respiratory symptoms and disease related to inflammatory reactions, but biochemical evidence linking cause and effect is still scarce. The staff working in a mold-contaminated school, and a reference group wit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9903023
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The development of host-targeted, prophylactic, and therapeutic interventions against tuberculosis requires a better understanding of the immune mechanisms that determine the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES:To identify T-cell-dependent mechanisms that are protective in tuberc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201509-1746OC
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been shown to be very prevalent in the elderly, little has been done to examine differences between the elderly of different racial groups. It has been well documented that SDB often results in hypertension and that hypertension is more common in African-Americans than in ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520760
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To define the mechanisms by which inhaled glucocorticosteroid regulates allergen-induced airway inflammation, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with inhaled budesonide was conducted in 14 subjects with allergic asthma. After baseline bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), subjects were rando...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910077
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether the diagnostic yield of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) improves over time and to obtain insights about factors influencing its performance, we reviewed our experience during a 3-yr period. After serial multifaceted educational interventions directed toward bronchoscopists and their techni...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767550
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor adherence to medication regimens may be contributing to the recent increase in asthma morbidity and mortality. We examined patient characteristics that may influence adherence to twice-daily inhaled steroid regimens. Fifty adults with moderate to severe asthma completed questionnaires examining sociodemographics,...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9712007
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methodologies used to assess airway responsiveness (AR) in children administer the same dosage schedule to all children despite the great range in the size of subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the level of AR is size dependent within same-age cohorts and between different ages. Among a...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633710
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Despite intensive research, sepsis displays the most prevalent cause of death on intensive care units. The hallmark of sepsis is an overshooting T-cell death that reduces host defense mechanisms and that is associated with poor patient survival. Previous in vitro studies revealed that the expression of the tr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201010-1585OC
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 300 million individuals worldwide. Asthma is caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a hallmark of asthma and results from increased sensitivity of the airways to physical or chemi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200810-1621OC
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The place of surgical treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) remains unclear. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has a response rate of 41% overall and only 5% when retrolingual narrowing is present. Thus, in cases with suspected hypopharyngeal collapse maxillofacial surgery has been proposed with improved...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9904058
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Because of high mortality, end-of-life care is an important component of intensive care. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the effectiveness of a quality-improvement intervention to improve intensive care unit (ICU) end-of-life care. METHODS:We conducted a cluster-randomized trial randomizing 12 hospitals. The interv...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-1004OC
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma that causes irreversible airflow obstruction. Although asthma is considered to be a Th2 disease, the role of T-bet and GATA-3, the key transcription factors for differentiation toward Th1 and Th2 cells, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is poo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200601-079OC
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether cephalometric measurements, nocturnal indices of negative intrathoracic pressure, or the frequency of sleep-related breathing disorders were related to the level of effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined 22 OSA patients w...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767530
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:To identify infected contacts of tuberculosis (TB) cases, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended the addition of IFN-γ release assays (IGRA) to the tuberculin skin test (TST) in its 2006 TB guidelines. Treatment for TB infection was no longer recommended for children who s...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201707-1487OC
更新日期:2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to estimate exposure-response relationships for mesothelioma and environmental exposure to crocidolite. All 4,659 former residents of Wittenoom, Western Australia (WA) who lived there between 1943 and 1993 for at least 1 mo and were not directly employed in the crocidolite industry, were followed-up t...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.96-11086
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00