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A mesoscale study of the degradation of bone structural properties in modeled microgravity conditions.

Abstract：

:One of the most important alterations that occur in man and experimental animals during spaceflight concerns the skeletal system, and entails important bone loss and degradation of mechanical properties. In the present work we investigate ex vivo the long-term effects of weightlessness (simulated microgravity) on bone tissue, by comparing the mesoscale structural properties of weight-bearing rat tibial epiphyseal cancellous structures of healthy animals (ground controls) with those of identical bone explants maintained ex vivo in the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS) bioreactor, used to model, on ground, microgravity conditions. Bone structures were reconstructed by synchrotron radiation micro-CT, morphometric analyses were performed, and the apparent elastic properties were computed by means of a numerical model based on the Cell Method. Two novel results were achieved in this study. First of all, the skeletal modifications found in bone explants after 3-4 weeks of culture in the RCCS bioreactor are in perfect agreement with those observed in vivo after a long-term spaceflight (Mice Drawer System mission, 2009), thus confirming the relevance of our model in reproducing the effects of microgravity on whole bone tissue. Secondly, but not less importantly, our study points out that the degradation in bone structural performance (apparent mechanical properties) must be considered in order to achieve an accurate representation of trabecular bone modifications not only in osteoporotic bone diseases, but also in the microgravity-induced bone alterations. In conclusion, our findings, by proving that the association of the RCCS bioreactor-based culture method, used to model microgravity conditions, with numerical simulations able to quantify bone quality, represents the first ground-based reliable model for investigating, ex vivo, some of the spaceflight effects on bone tissue, and open new perspectives to basic research and clinical applications.

journal_name

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater

journal_title

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials

authors

Cosmi F,Steimberg N,Mazzoleni G

doi

10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.01.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-04-01 00:00:00

pages

61-70

eissn

1751-6161

issn

1878-0180

pii

S1751-6161(15)00003-X

journal_volume

pub_type

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A mesoscale study of the degradation of bone structural properties in modeled microgravity conditions.