Abstract:
:The electronic properties of graphene are described by a Dirac Hamiltonian with a four-fold symmetry of spin and valley. This symmetry may yield novel fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states at high magnetic field depending on the relative strength of symmetry-breaking interactions. However, observing such states in transport remains challenging in graphene, as they are easily destroyed by disorder. In this work, we observe in the first two Landau levels the two-flux composite-fermion sequences of FQH states between each integer filling factor. In particular, the odd-numerator fractions appear between filling factors 1 and 2, suggesting a broken-valley symmetry, consistent with our observation of a gap at charge neutrality and zero field. Contrary to our expectations, the evolution of gaps in a parallel magnetic field suggests that states in the first Landau level are not spin-polarized even up to very large out-of-plane fields.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Amet F,Bestwick AJ,Williams JR,Balicas L,Watanabe K,Taniguchi T,Goldhaber-Gordon Ddoi
10.1038/ncomms6838subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-06 00:00:00pages
5838issn
2041-1723pii
ncomms6838journal_volume
6pub_type
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