Abstract:
:The synthesis of graphene materials is typically carried out by oxidizing graphite to graphite oxide followed by a reduction process. Numerous methods exist for both the oxidation and reduction steps, which causes unpredictable contamination from metallic impurities into the final material. These impurities are known to have considerable impact on the properties of graphene materials. We synthesized several reduced graphene oxides from extremely pure graphite using several popular oxidation and reduction methods and tracked the concentrations of metallic impurities at each stage of synthesis. We show that different combinations of oxidation and reduction introduce varying types as well as amounts of metallic elements into the graphene materials, and their origin can be traced to impurities within the chemical reagents used during synthesis. These metallic impurities are able to alter the graphene materials' electrochemical properties significantly and have wide-reaching implications on the potential applications of graphene materials.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wong CH,Sofer Z,Kubešová M,Kučera J,Matějková S,Pumera Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.1413389111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-23 00:00:00pages
13774-9issue
38eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1413389111journal_volume
111pub_type
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