Abstract:
:Perimortem gamete retrieval has been a possibility for several decades. It involves the surgical extraction of gametes which can then be cryo-preserved and stored for future use. Usually, the request for perimortem gamete retrieval is made by the patient's partner after the patient himself, or herself, has lost the capacity to consent for the procedure. Perimortem gamete retrieval allows for the partner of a dead patient to pursue jointly held reproductive aspiration long after their loved one's death. But how can we know if the dying patient would have consented to gamete retrieval? In the UK, consent is a legal necessity for storing or using gametes-but this is not always enforced. Moreover, although the issues related to posthumous reproduction have been discussed at length in the literature, few commentators have addressed the specific question of retrieval. Gamete retrieval is an invasive and sensitive operation; as with any other intervention performed on the bodies of dead or dying patients, the nature and justification for this procedure needs to be carefully considered. In particular, it is important to question the idea that consent for such an intervention can be inferred solely from a person's known wishes or plans concerning reproduction.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Smajdor Adoi
10.1136/medethics-2013-101727subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
437-42issue
6eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2013-101727journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The death toll from tobacco is staggering: it might contribute to one billion premature deaths over the course of the 21st century. In 'The case for banning cigarettes', Kalle Grill and Kristin Voigt argue that the well-being and equality benefits of a complete ban on cigarettes more than justify the restrictions on a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104172
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The way people think about equality as a value will influence how they think genetic interventions should be regulated. In this paper the author uses the taxonomy of equality put forth by Derek Parfit and applies this to the issue of genetic interventions. It is argued that telic egalitarianism is untenable and that d...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002329
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Financial conflict of interest in clinical research is an area of active debate. While data exist on the perspectives and roles of academic institutions, investigators, industry sponsors, and scientific journals, little is known about the perspectives of potential research participants. METHODS:The authors ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001461
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inclusion of elite transwomen athletes in sport is controversial. The recent International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2015) guidelines allow transwomen to compete in the women's division if (amongst other things) their testosterone is held below 10 nmol/L. This is significantly higher than that of cis-women. Science...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105208
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive autonomy is central to women's welfare both because childbearing takes place in women's bodies and because they are generally expected to take primary responsibility for child rearing. In 2005, the factors that influence their autonomy most strongly are poverty and belief systems that devalue such autonom...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.013193
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid and sedative use are common 'active' practices in the provision of mainstream palliative care services, and are typically distinguished from euthanasia on the basis that they do not shorten survival time. Even supposing that they did, it is often argued that they are justified and distinguished from euthanasia ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105074
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioconservative commentators argue that parents should not take steps to modify the genetics of their children even in the name of enhancement because of the damage they predict for values, identities and relationships. Some commentators have even said that adults should not modify themselves through genetic intervent...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101026
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dental tourism is patients travelling across international borders with the intention of receiving dental care. It is a growing phenomenon that raises many ethical issues, particularly regarding the dentist-patient relationship. We discuss various issues related to this phenomenon, including patient autonomy over prac...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101415
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recurrent issue in the vast amount of literature on reasoning models in ethics is the role and nature of moral intuitions. In this paper, we start from the view that people who work and live in a certain moral practice usually possess specific moral wisdom. If we manage to incorporate their moral intuitions in ethic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.026559
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid emergence and exploding usage of online social networking forums, which are frequented by millions, present clinicians with new ethical and professional challenges. Particularly among a younger generation of physicians and patients, the use of online social networking forums has become widespread. In this ar...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.029231
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Terminal sedation" refers to the use of sedation as palliation in dying patients with a terminal diagnosis. Although terminal sedation has received widespread legal and ethical justification, the practice remains ethically contentious, particularly as some hold that it foreseeably hastens death. It has been proposed ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019224
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous research has found that physicians are divided on whether they are obligated to provide a treatment to which they object and whether they should refer patients in such cases. The present study compares several possible scenarios in which a physician objects to a treatment that a patient requests, in ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102782
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we question whether the concept of "genetic privacy" is a contradiction in terms. And, if so, whether the implications of such a conclusion, inevitably impact on how society comes to perceive privacy and responsibility generally. Current law and ethical discourse place a high value on self-determination ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.2.144
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The law ordinarily recognises the woman who gives birth as the mother of a child, but in certain jurisdictions, it will recognise the commissioning couple as the legal parents of a child born to a commercial surrogate. Some commissioning parents have, however, effectively abandoned the children they commission, and in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104331
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, it has become almost axiomatic that biomedical research and clinical practice should be 'innovative'-that is, that they should be always evolving and directed towards the production, translation and implementation of new technologies and practices. While this drive towards innovation in biomedicine mi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103048
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::I argue that the concept of 'longitudinal form', which Poplawski and Gillett have introduced into ethical discussions about embryos and gametes, involves too many metaphysical subtleties to be a useful aid to making moral decisions. I conclude by suggesting a criterion for relevance in medical ethics. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.4.206
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The feasibility of a common European code of medical ethics is discussed, with consideration and evaluation of the difficulties such a project is going to face, from both the legal and ethical points of view. On the one hand, the analysis will underline the limits of a common European code of medical ethics as an inst...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102963
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article tackles the current deficit in the supply of cadaveric organs by addressing the family veto in organ donation. The authors believe that the family veto matters-ethically as well as practically-and that policies that completely disregard the views of the family in this decision are likely to be counterprod...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.032912
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) by request and/or based on an advance directive are legal in The Netherlands under strict conditions, thus providing options for patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases to stay in control and choose their end of life. HD is an inherit...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100369
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of volunt...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.2.96
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Values-based recruitment is used in England to select healthcare staff, trainees and students on the basis that their values align with those stated in the Constitution of the UK National Health Service (NHS). However, it is unclear whether the extensive body of existing literature within the field of moral philosophy...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104503
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining whether a research risk meets or exceeds a regulatory standard of risk acceptability is difficult. Recently a framework called the systematic evaluation of research risks (SERR) has been proposed as a method of comparing research risks with predetermined standards of acceptability. SERR purports to offer a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100194
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper looks at the issue of consent from children and whether the test of Gillick competency, applied in medical and healthcare practice, ought to extend to participation in research. It is argued that the relatively broad usage of the test of Gillick competency in the medical context should not be considered app...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018853
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In The Netherlands, neonatal euthanasia has become a legal option and the Groningen Protocol contains an approach to identify situations in which neonatal euthanasia might be appropriate. In the 5 years following the publication of the protocol, neither the prediction that this would be the first step on a slippery sl...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101402
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore mental health service users' views of existing and proposed compulsory powers. DESIGN:A qualitative study employing in-depth interviews. Participants were asked to respond to hypothetical questions regarding the application of compulsory powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 for people other th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004861
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Futile treatment is one ethically challenging situation commonly encountered by junior doctors. By analysing an intern's story using a role virtues framework, I propose a set of three steps for junior doctors facing this problem. I claim that junior doctors ought always to investigate the rationale underlying decision...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.041095
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kovacs argues that honorary authorship and regarding each co-author of multi-authored papers as if they were sole authors when the performance of researchers is being evaluated by their publications mean that we should require authors to identify what proportion of each publication should be attributed to each co-auth...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100939
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::W B Gallie's notion of essentially contested concepts remains of philosophical interest. I argue that medicine is one such concept and look at the consequences of this as regards the inappropriateness of looking for definitions and necessary and sufficient conditions to settle debates about what medicine is and is not...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.4.261
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper makes two main claims: first, that the need to protect health professionals' moral integrity is what grounds the right to conscientious objection in health care; and second, that for a given claim of conscientious objection to be acceptable to society, a certain set of criteria should be fulfilled. The impo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.043646
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the two-tragedies argument proponents of pro-life can justifiably prioritize efforts to prevent abortion rather than miscarriages due to the fact that abortions in contrast to miscarriages involves usually the act of killing. William Simkulet has recently argued against this argument claiming that it fail...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105489
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00