Abstract:
:The death toll from tobacco is staggering: it might contribute to one billion premature deaths over the course of the 21st century. In 'The case for banning cigarettes', Kalle Grill and Kristin Voigt argue that the well-being and equality benefits of a complete ban on cigarettes more than justify the restrictions on autonomy that such a ban would impose. Their argument depends on two crucial simplifications: an assumption that the ban would be effective and the restriction of the analysis to a comparison with the status quo, rather than a broader range of policy options. I argue that despite the authors' claims, these two simplifications make it impossible for their argument to 'bring into focus the fundamental normative issues' surrounding a possible cigarette ban, since they dramatically overstate the benefits and obscure the most significant costs of such a ban.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Doucet Mdoi
10.1136/medethics-2017-104172subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
411-412issue
6eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2017-104172journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Clinical trials emerged in rapid succession as the COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for life-saving therapies. Fair and equitable subject selection in clinical trials offering investigational therapies ought to be an urgent moral concern. Subject selection determines the distribution of risks and benefi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106590
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004432
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::I sketch a libertarian argument for the right to test in the context of 'direct to consumer' (DTC) genetic testing. A libertarian right to genetic tests, as defined here, relies on the idea of a moral right to self-ownership. I show how a libertarian right to test can be inferred from this general libertarian premise,...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102827
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 9 May 2005, the Israeli Ministry of Health issued guidelines spelling out the conditions under which sex selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for social purposes is to be permitted in Israel. This article first reviews the available medical methods for sex selection, the preference for children of a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.023226
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competent patients who refuse life saving medical treatment present a dilemma for healthcare professionals. On one hand, respect for autonomy and liberty demand that physicians respect a patient's decision to refuse treatment. However, it is often apparent that such patients are not fully competent. They may not adequ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.000877
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflicts between the ethical values of an organisation and the ethical values of the employees of that organisation can often lead to conflict. When the ethical values of the employee are considerably higher than those of the organisation the potential for catastrophic results is enormous. In recent years several hig...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.006940
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining whether a research risk meets or exceeds a regulatory standard of risk acceptability is difficult. Recently a framework called the systematic evaluation of research risks (SERR) has been proposed as a method of comparing research risks with predetermined standards of acceptability. SERR purports to offer a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100194
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nigel Biggar (2015) argues that religion deserves a place in secular medicine. Biggar suggests we abandon the standard rationalistic conception of the secular realm and see it rather as "a forum for the negotiation of rival reasonings". Religious reasoning is one among a number of ways of thinking that must vie for ac...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102805
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much has been written by many distinguished persons about the philosophical, religious and ethical considerations of doctors and their involvement with torture. What follows will not have the erudition or authority of the likes of St Augustine, Mahatma Gandi, Schopenhauer or Thomas Paine. It represents the views of a ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.6.3.120
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francis Fukuyama, in his Our Posthuman Future, and Gregory Stock, in his Redesigning Humans, present competing versions of the biomedical future of human beings, and debate the merits of more or less stringent regimes of regulation for biomedical innovation. In this article, these positions are shown to depend on a sh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.1.59
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is little evidence of junior trainee perspectives in the design and implementation of medical ethics and law (MEL) curriculum in UK medical schools. AIM:To determine the ethical issues the foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors (first year after graduation) encountered during clinical practice and the skill...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100391
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this research is to analyse the evolution and nature of published empirical research in the fields of medical ethics and bioethics. DESIGN:Retrospective quantitative study of nine peer reviewed journals in the field of bioethics and medical ethics (Bioethics, Cambridge Quarterly of Healthca...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.011478
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine attitudinal and self reported behavioural variations between medical students in different years to scenarios involving academic misconduct. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study where students were given an anonymous questionnaire that asked about their attitudes to 14 scenarios desc...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.2.97
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier article in this journal, I advanced five ethical arguments in favour of a voluntary, unpaid system of blood donation. In his reply to my article, Hugh McLachlan criticised one of those arguments, namely, the argument that an unpaid system promotes altruism and social solidarity. In this reply to Dr. McLa...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.4.255
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Junior researchers can be abused and bullied by unscrupulous senior collaborators. This article describes the profile of a type of serial abuser, the White Bull, who uses his academic seniority to distort authorship credit and who disguises his parasitism with carefully premeditated deception. Further research into th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.010553
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients believe that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is more likely to be successful than it really is in clinical practice. Even when working with accurate information, some nevertheless remain resolute in demanding maximal treatment. They maintain that even if survival after cardiac arrest with CPR is extr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105558
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:to assess physicians' and patients' views in Saudi Arabia (KSA) towards involving the patient versus the family in the process of diagnosis disclosure and decision-making, and to compare them with views from the USA and Japan. DESIGN:A self-completion questionnaire (used previously to study these issues in ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019638
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of W v M and Others, in which the court rejected an application to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from a woman in a minimally conscious state, raises a number of profoundly important medico-legal issues. This article questions whether the requirement to respect the autonomy of incompetent patient...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100907
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Towers reviews Joan Robinson: One Woman's Story, an American documentary film about a terminal cancer patient that was first broadcast by the Public Broadcasting Service on 21 January 1980. The film was made at the instigation of Robinson, a writer and editor, and covers the last twenty-two months of her life from th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.6.2.101
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a simple means of brain stimulation, possesses a trifecta of appealing features: it is relatively safe, relatively inexpensive and relatively effective. It is also relatively easy to obtain a device and the do-it-yourself (DIY) community has become galvanised by reports ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101458
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question of whether old age should or should not play a role in medical decision-making for the elderly patient is regularly debated in ethics and medicine. In this paper we investigate exactly how age influences the decision-making process. To explore the normative argumentation in the decisions regarding an elde...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025247
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Judges face difficult choices when the birth and genetic mothers of a child are separate people who dispute maternal access; the views of the general population may help them. Fifty women were asked whether, if they were infertile and could have only one child, they would prefer to be birth mothers (to carry a baby wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.20.2.87
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Desire for improvement in one's illness and having one's own doctor functioning as a researcher are thought to promote therapeutic misconception (TM), a phenomenon in which research subjects are said to conflate research with treatment. PURPOSE:To examine whether subjects' therapeutic motivation and own doc...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101987
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Little has been written in the medical literature concerning the ethics of treatment of the elderly demented patient with bowel obstruction. It is one example of the issues with which we are becoming increasingly involved. We conducted a survey of our colleagues' opinions to determine current practice. DESIG...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.2.105
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The public often believes that parents have a right to make medical decisions about their child. The idea that, in respect of children, doctors should do what parents tell them to do is problematic on the face of it. The effect of such a claim would be that a doctor who acted deliberately to harm a child would be maki...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104705
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The death of Jesse Gelsinger in 1999 during a gene therapy trial raised many questions about the ethical review of medical research. Here, the author argues that the principle of justice is interpreted too narrowly and receives insufficient emphasis and that what we permit in terms of bodily invasion affects the value...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.006684
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The passing on of information to GPs by genito-urinary doctors is to be encouraged but is not always possible and ultimately the patient's wishes and confidentiality must be respected if sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection are to be controlled. Infected health-care workers should seek counselling and medic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.17.4.196
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article in this journal, Anna Christensen raises an 'Epicurean challenge' to Don Marquis' much-discussed argument for the immorality of abortion. According to Marquis' argument, abortion is pro tanto morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of 'a future like ours'. Drawing on the Epicurean idea that dea...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105771
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moral principles or the rules of conduct are based in the society. If the purpose of ethics in research is to take into consideration the needs and the rights of the experimental subject, his social milieu must then largely determine the ethical considerations of a projected study. The inability to comprehend such rig...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.6.2.61
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical student and resident participation in global health experiences (GHEs) has significantly increased over the last decade. In response to growing student interest and the proven impact of such experiences on the education and career decisions of resident physicians, many medical schools have begun to establish p...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019265
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00