Abstract:
:Opioid and sedative use are common 'active' practices in the provision of mainstream palliative care services, and are typically distinguished from euthanasia on the basis that they do not shorten survival time. Even supposing that they did, it is often argued that they are justified and distinguished from euthanasia via appeal to Aquinas' Doctrine of Double Effect. In this essay, I will appraise the empirical evidence regarding opioid/sedative use and survival time, and argue for a position of agnosticism. I will then argue that the Doctrine of Double Effect is a useful ethical tool but is ultimately not a sound ethical principle, and even if it were, it is unclear whether palliative opioid/sedative use satisfy its four criteria. Although this essay does not establish any definitive proofs, it aims to provide reasons to doubt-and therefore weaken-the often-claimed ethical distinction between euthanasia and palliative opioid/sedative use.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Riisfeldt TDdoi
10.1136/medethics-2018-105074subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-01 00:00:00pages
125-130issue
2eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2018-105074journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Explore public attitudes towards the trade-offs between justice and medical outcome inherent in organ allocation decisions. BACKGROUND:The US Task Force on Organ Transplantation recommended that considerations of justice, autonomy and medical outcome be part of all organ allocation decisions. Justice in this c...
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doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018291
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, it has become almost axiomatic that biomedical research and clinical practice should be 'innovative'-that is, that they should be always evolving and directed towards the production, translation and implementation of new technologies and practices. While this drive towards innovation in biomedicine mi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
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doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103048
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does the position of the Roman Catholic Church on contraception also imply that the usage of condoms by HIV-discordant couples is illicit? A standard argument is to appeal to the doctrine of double effect to condone such usage, but this meets with the objection that there exists an alternative action that brings about...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.030767
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::My sexual rights puzzle according to which positive sexual rights are not compatible with negative sexual rights has been recently criticised in the Journal of Medical Ethics by Steven J Firth, who has put forward three objections to the puzzle. In this brief response, I analyse and reject each of these three objectio...
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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abstract::The feasibility of a common European code of medical ethics is discussed, with consideration and evaluation of the difficulties such a project is going to face, from both the legal and ethical points of view. On the one hand, the analysis will underline the limits of a common European code of medical ethics as an inst...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
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doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102963
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This opinion piece aims to situate the placebo effect within the field of psychiatric treatment. To accomplish this, the placebo is explored at the centre of an often heated debate between three discrete perspectives: the clinical trial researcher, the placebo researcher and the clinician. Each occupational perspectiv...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101410
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abstract::I argue that the concept of 'longitudinal form', which Poplawski and Gillett have introduced into ethical discussions about embryos and gametes, involves too many metaphysical subtleties to be a useful aid to making moral decisions. I conclude by suggesting a criterion for relevance in medical ethics. ...
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abstract::In contemporary medical ethics health is rarely acknowledged to be an ethical obligation. This oversight is due to the preoccupation of most bioethicists with a rationalist, contract model for ethics in which moral obligation is limited to truth-telling and promise-keeping. Such an ethics is poorly suited to medicine ...
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
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doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105558
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx) may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105668
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable amount of publicity has recently centred on a few Lesbian couples who have successfully obtained artificial insemination by donor (AID) in order to have a child. Advice was orginally sought on a private basis from the Journal on the following case: now the issue is public knowledge, the doctor presentin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.4.2.91
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unit 731, a biological warfare research organisation that operated under the authority of the Imperial Japanese Army in the 1930s and 1940s, conducted brutal experiments on thousands of unconsenting subjects. Because of the US interest in the data from these experiments, the perpetrators were not prosecuted and the at...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103177
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive tourism is the travelling by candidate service recipients from one institution, jurisdiction, or country where treatment is not available to another institution, jurisdiction, or country where they can obtain the kind of medically assisted reproduction they desire. The more widespread this phenomenon, the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.6.337
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deaf lesbian couple who sought a sperm donor with a family history of deafness in order to have a child they hoped would be deaf have attracted a lot of criticism. They have been criticised for deliberately creating a deaf child, for denying their child a hearing aid, and for raising the child in a homosexual househ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.5.283
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging of patients in a vegetative state have raised the possibility that such patients retain some degree of consciousness. In this paper, the ethical implications of such findings are outlined, in particular in relation to decisions about withdrawing life-sustainin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.029165
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstetricians face difficult decisions when the interests of fetus and mother conflict. An example is the problem of choosing the delivery method when labour begins prematurely and the fetus is breech. Vaginal delivery involves risks for the breech fetus of brain damage or death caused by umbilical cord compression an...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is currently drafting a Universal Bioethics Declaration ("the declaration"). The content and even the name of the declaration has yet to be finalized, but it is expected to range widely over hum...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.006502
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104488
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.1.37
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional view that having a personality disorder, unlike other mental disorders, is not usually reason enough to consider a person incompetent to make healthcare decisions is challenged. The example of a case in which a woman was treated for a physical disorder without her consent illustrates that personality d...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.023341
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflicts between the ethical values of an organisation and the ethical values of the employees of that organisation can often lead to conflict. When the ethical values of the employee are considerably higher than those of the organisation the potential for catastrophic results is enormous. In recent years several hig...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.006940
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the Declaration of Helsinki, patients who take part in a clinical trial must be adequately informed about the trial's aims, methods, expected benefits, and potential risks. The declaration does not, however, elaborate on what "adequately informed" might amount to, in practice. Medical researcher...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.1.45
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nigel Biggar (2015) argues that religion deserves a place in secular medicine. Biggar suggests we abandon the standard rationalistic conception of the secular realm and see it rather as "a forum for the negotiation of rival reasonings". Religious reasoning is one among a number of ways of thinking that must vie for ac...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102805
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical genetics encompasses a wider range of activities than discussion of reproductive risks and options. Hence, it is possible for a clinical geneticist to reduce suffering associated with genetic disease without aiming to reduce the birth incidence of such diseases. Simple cost-benefit analyses of genetic-screeni...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.19.1.47
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:By providing healthcare to adolescents, a major opportunity is created to help them cope with the challenges in their lives, develop healthy behaviour and become responsible healthcare consumers. Confidentiality is a major issue in adolescent healthcare, and its perceived absence may be the main barrier to a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.011932
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 'Abortion and deprivation: a reply to Marquis', Anna Christensen contends that Don Marquis' influential 'future like ours' argument for the immorality of abortion faces a significant challenge from the Epicurean claim that human beings cannot be harmed by their death. If deprivation requires a subject, then abortio...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105267
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This reply to John F Catherwood's criticism of brain-related criteria for death argues that brainstem criteria are neither reductionist nor do they presuppose a materialist theory of mind. Furthermore, it is argued that brain-related criteria are compatible with the majority of religious views concerning death. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00