Abstract:
:DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine has greatly advanced our understanding of DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a key nexus in demethylation that can either be passively depleted through DNA replication or actively reverted to cytosine through iterative oxidation and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Kohli RM,Zhang Ydoi
10.1038/nature12750subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-24 00:00:00pages
472-9issue
7472eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature12750journal_volume
502pub_type
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