Abstract:
:Apes and Old World monkeys are prominent components of modern African and Asian ecosystems, yet the earliest phases of their evolutionary history have remained largely undocumented. The absence of crown catarrhine fossils older than ∼20 million years (Myr) has stood in stark contrast to molecular divergence estimates of ∼25-30 Myr for the split between Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) and Hominoidea (apes), implying long ghost lineages for both clades. Here we describe the oldest known fossil 'ape', represented by a partial mandible preserving dental features that place it with 'nyanzapithecine' stem hominoids. Additionally, we report the oldest stem member of the Old World monkey clade, represented by a lower third molar. Both specimens were recovered from a precisely dated 25.2-Myr-old stratum in the Rukwa Rift, a segment of the western branch of the East African Rift in Tanzania. These finds extend the fossil record of apes and Old World monkeys well into the Oligocene epoch of Africa, suggesting a possible link between diversification of crown catarrhines and changes in the African landscape brought about by previously unrecognized tectonic activity in the East African rift system.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Stevens NJ,Seiffert ER,O'Connor PM,Roberts EM,Schmitz MD,Krause C,Gorscak E,Ngasala S,Hieronymus TL,Temu Jdoi
10.1038/nature12161subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-30 00:00:00pages
611-4issue
7451eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature12161journal_volume
497pub_type
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