T-cell cytotoxicity in the absence of viral protein synthesis in target cells.

abstract：:The evolutionary divergence of a single species into two has never been directly observed in nature, primarily because speciation can take a long time to occur. A ring species, in which a chain of intergrading populations encircles a barrier and the terminal forms coexist without interbreeding, provides a situation in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Irwin DE,Bensch S,Price TD

更新日期：2001-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of cell proliferation is necessary for immune responses, tissue repair, and upkeep of organ function to maintain human health. When proliferating cells complete mitosis, a fraction of newly born daughter cells immediately enter the next cell cycle, while the remaining cells in the same population exit to a ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang HW,Chung M,Kudo T,Meyer T

更新日期：2017-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains are widespread, and vancomycin is the antibiotic of last resort. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in this community-acquired bacterium would be catastrophic. Antibiotic tolerance, the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Novak R,Henriques B,Charpentier E,Normark S,Tuomanen E

更新日期：1999-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:By means of in vivo selection, transcriptomic analysis, functional verification and clinical validation, here we identify a set of genes that marks and mediates breast cancer metastasis to the lungs. Some of these genes serve dual functions, providing growth advantages both in the primary tumour and in the lung microe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Minn AJ,Gupta GP,Siegel PM,Bos PD,Shu W,Giri DD,Viale A,Olshen AB,Gerald WL,Massagué J

更新日期：2005-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Rivers sourced in the Himalayan mountain range carry some of the largest sediment loads on the planet, yet coarse gravel in these rivers vanishes within approximately 10-40 kilometres on entering the Ganga Plain (the part of the North Indian River Plain containing the Ganges River). Understanding the fate of gravel is...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dingle EH,Attal M,Sinclair HD

更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons expressing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), found in the septal-preoptic nuclei and hypothalamus, control the release of gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary gland and facilitate reproductive behaviour. LHRH-expressing neurons are also found in the nervus terminalis, a cranial nerve t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schwanzel-Fukuda M,Pfaff DW

更新日期：1989-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in stem-cell technology are now allowing the mechanisms of human disease to be studied in human cells. A new era for regenerative medicine is arising from such disease models, extending beyond early cell-based therapies and towards evaluating genetic variation in humans and identifying the molecular pa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chien KR

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The multi-disciplinary role of intermediate energy proton accelerators in pure and applied nuclear physics is discussed with particular reference to the experimental programmes at LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility) and SIN (Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research, Zurich). ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Davies JD,Batty CJ,Green K

更新日期：1977-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The architecture of trabecular bone, the porous bone found in the spine and at articulating joints, provides the requirements for optimal load transfer, by pairing suitable strength and stiffness to minimal weight according to rules of mathematical design. But, as it is unlikely that the architecture is fully pre-prog...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huiskes R,Ruimerman R,van Lenthe GH,Janssen JD

更新日期：2000-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A single base-pair mutation (beta s) in codon 6 of the human beta-globin gene, causing a single amino-acid substitution, is the cause of sickle cell anaemia. The mutant haemoglobin molecule, HbS, polymerizes when deoxygenated and causes deformation of the erythrocytes to a characteristic 'sickled' shape. Sickling of c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Greaves DR,Fraser P,Vidal MA,Hedges MJ,Ropers D,Luzzatto L,Grosveld F

更新日期：1990-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Drosophila cells contain virus-like particles (VLPs) containing 5 kilobases (kb) of RNA (VLP H-RNA) homologous to the transposable element copia. The identity between VLP H-RNA and copia DNA has previously been confirmed at the nucleotide sequence level and reverse transcriptase activity is also detected in the VLPs. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kikuchi Y,Ando Y,Shiba T

更新日期：1986-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision making in an uncertain environment poses a conflict between the opposing demands of gathering and exploiting information. In a classic illustration of this 'exploration-exploitation' dilemma, a gambler choosing between multiple slot machines balances the desire to select what seems, on the basis of accumulate...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Daw ND,O'Doherty JP,Dayan P,Seymour B,Dolan RJ

更新日期：2006-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The type I interferon response protects cells against invading viral pathogens. The cellular factors that mediate this defence are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified since their discovery more than 25 years ago, only a few have been characterized with res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schoggins JW,Wilson SJ,Panis M,Murphy MY,Jones CT,Bieniasz P,Rice CM

更新日期：2011-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:It is a controversial issue whether 'real' movement, seen from the successive stimulation of retinal receptors by a moving image, and 'apparent' (phi) movement, which is produced by stimuli separated in space and time, are transmitted by the same or different neural channels. With this question in mind, we have devise...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gregory RL,Harris JP

更新日期：1984-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that arginine vasopressin (AVP) is involved in the retention of learned responses, in addition to its classical physiological functions of water retention and modulation of blood pressure. AVP administered subcutaneously (s.c.), intraventricularly or intracerebrally can prolong extinction of acti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koob GF,Dantzer R,Rodriguez F,Bloom FE,Le Moal M

更新日期：1985-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The four-chambered mammalian heart develops from two fields of cardiac progenitor cells distinguished by their spatiotemporal patterns of differentiation and contributions to the definitive heart. The first heart field differentiates earlier in lateral plate mesoderm, generates the linear heart tube and ultimately giv...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhou Y,Cashman TJ,Nevis KR,Obregon P,Carney SA,Liu Y,Gu A,Mosimann C,Sondalle S,Peterson RE,Heideman W,Burns CE,Burns CG

更新日期：2011-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Organisms use endogenous clocks to anticipate regular environmental cycles, such as days and tides. Natural variants resulting in differently timed behaviour or physiology, known as chronotypes in humans, have not been well characterized at the molecular level. We sequenced the genome of Clunio marinus, a marine midge...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kaiser TS,Poehn B,Szkiba D,Preussner M,Sedlazeck FJ,Zrim A,Neumann T,Nguyen LT,Betancourt AJ,Hummel T,Vogel H,Dorner S,Heyd F,von Haeseler A,Tessmar-Raible K

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system that is important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation. Although it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are responsible for the establishme...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yamaguchi S,Shen L,Liu Y,Sendler D,Zhang Y

更新日期：2013-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The disease non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose resulting from a relative deficiency of insulin. It affects about 2% of the world's population and treatment of diabetes and its complications are an increasing health-care burden. Genetic factors are...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yamagata K,Oda N,Kaisaki PJ,Menzel S,Furuta H,Vaxillaire M,Southam L,Cox RD,Lathrop GM,Boriraj VV,Chen X,Cox NJ,Oda Y,Yano H,Le Beau MM,Yamada S,Nishigori H,Takeda J,Fajans SS,Hattersley AT,Iwasaki N,Hansen T,

更新日期：1996-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of messenger RNA translation is central to eukaryotic gene expression control. Regulatory inputs are specified by them RNA untranslated regions (UTRs) and often target translation initiation. Initiation involves binding of the 40S ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and associated eukaryotic initiation factors (e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Archer SK,Shirokikh NE,Beilharz TH,Preiss T

更新日期：2016-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kohli RM,Zhang Y

更新日期：2013-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Soft machines are a promising design paradigm for human-centric devices1,2 and systems required to interact gently with their environment3,4. To enable soft machines to respond intelligently to their surroundings, compliant sensory feedback mechanisms are needed. Specifically, soft alternatives to strain gauges-with h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Araromi OA,Graule MA,Dorsey KL,Castellanos S,Foster JR,Hsu WH,Passy AE,Vlassak JJ,Weaver JC,Walsh CJ,Wood RJ

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant regulation of RNA stability has an important role in many disease states. Deregulated post-transcriptional modulation, such as that governed by microRNAs targeting linear sequence elements in messenger RNAs, has been implicated in the progression of many cancer types. A defining feature of RNA is its ability ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goodarzi H,Zhang S,Buss CG,Fish L,Tavazoie S,Tavazoie SF

更新日期：2014-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Circumstellar accretion disks transfer matter from molecular clouds to young stars and to the sites of planet formation. The disks observed around pre-main-sequence stars have properties consistent with those expected for the pre-solar nebula from which our own Solar System formed 4.5 Gyr ago. But the 'debris' disks t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thi WF,Blake GA,van Dishoeck EF,van Zadelhoff GJ,Horn JM,Becklin EE,Mannings V,Sargent AI,van Den Ancker ME,Natta A

更新日期：2001-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Magma intrusions and eruptions commonly produce abrupt changes in seismicity far from magma conduits that cannot be associated with the diffusion of pore fluids or heat. Such 'swarm' seismicity also migrates with time, and often exhibits a 'dog-bone'-shaped distribution. The largest earthquakes in swarms produce after...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Toda S,Stein RS,Sagiya T

更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite tremendous efforts, development of an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has proved an elusive goal. Recently, however, numerous antibodies have been identified that are capable of neutralizing most circulating HIV strains. These antibodies all exhibit an unusually high level of somat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Balazs AB,Chen J,Hong CM,Rao DS,Yang L,Baltimore D

更新日期：2011-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase P is the only endonuclease responsible for processing the 5' end of transfer RNA by cleaving a precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It contains an RNA component and a protein component and has been identified in all organisms. It was one of the first catalytic RNAs identified and the first that acts as a mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krasilnikov AS,Yang X,Pan T,Mondragón A

更新日期：2003-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rivest S

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dominant alleles at the agouti locus (A) cause an obesity syndrome in the mouse, as a consequence of ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. This peptide, normally only found in the skin, is a high-affinity antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1-R), thus explaining the inhibitory effect of ag...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fan W,Boston BA,Kesterson RA,Hruby VJ,Cone RD

更新日期：1997-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmembrane sodium-ion gradients provide energy that can be harnessed by 'secondary transporters' to drive the translocation of solute molecules into a cell. Decades of study have shown that such sodium-coupled transporters are involved in many physiological processes, making them targets for the treatment of numero...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krishnamurthy H,Piscitelli CL,Gouaux E

更新日期：2009-05-21 00:00:00