Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

abstract：:X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) is an adult-onset form of motorneuron disease which may be associated with signs of androgen insensitivity. We have now investigated whether the androgen receptor gene on the proximal long arm of the X chromosome is a candidate gene for this disease. In p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： La Spada AR,Wilson EM,Lubahn DB,Harding AE,Fischbeck KH

更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bernet ML,Miniati F,Lilly SJ,Kronberg PP,Dessauges-Zavadsky M

更新日期：2008-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the earliest computational principles attributed to the cerebellum was the measurement of time. This idea was originally suggested on anatomical grounds, and was taken up again to explain some of the deficits in cerebellar patients. The contribution of the cerebellum to eye movements, in contrast, has tradition...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thier P,Dicke PW,Haas R,Barash S

更新日期：2000-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme isopenicillin N synthetase (IPS) catalyses the oxidative condensation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV) to isopenicillin N, which is a central reaction in the pathway to clinically important penicillins and cephalosporins. Here we report the cloning, characterization and expressi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Samson SM,Belagaje R,Blankenship DT,Chapman JL,Perry D,Skatrud PL,VanFrank RM,Abraham EP,Baldwin JE,Queener SW

更新日期：1985-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The Haldane model on a honeycomb lattice is a paradigmatic example of a Hamiltonian featuring topologically distinct phases of matter. It describes a mechanism through which a quantum Hall effect can appear as an intrinsic property of a band structure, rather than being caused by an external magnetic field. Although p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jotzu G,Messer M,Desbuquois R,Lebrat M,Uehlinger T,Greif D,Esslinger T

更新日期：2014-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:As the extracellular matrix at the original site of a neuromuscular junction seems to play a major part in the specificity of synaptic regeneration, considerable attention has been paid to unique molecules localized to this region. Here we describe an extracellular matrix glycoprotein of the elasmobranch electric orga...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Caroni P,Carlson SS,Schweitzer E,Kelly RB

更新日期：1985-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain has generally been considered an insulin-independent organ, because insulin does not apparently exert a direct effect on brain glucose consumption. Recently, however, insulin receptors have been detected throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of several species. Since important insights into the functio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Houten M,Posner BI

更新日期：1979-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Finite element analysis (FEA) is used by industrial designers and biomechanicists to estimate the performance of engineered structures or human skeletal and soft tissues subjected to varying regimes of stress and strain. FEA is rarely applied to problems of biomechanical design in animals, despite its potential to inf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rayfield EJ,Norman DB,Horner CC,Horner JR,Smith PM,Thomason JJ,Upchurch P

更新日期：2001-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission is widespread in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Here we use a genetic approach to identify molecules specific to GABA function. On the basis of the known in vivo roles of GABAergic neurons in controlling behaviour of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McIntire SL,Jorgensen E,Horvitz HR

更新日期：1993-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Superantigens such as the staphylococcal enterotoxins bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and activate T cells through a specific interaction between the V beta region of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the toxin. The TCR beta-chain alone is sufficient to produce the interaction wit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Irwin MJ,Hudson KR,Fraser JD,Gascoigne NR

更新日期：1992-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical stimuli can modify the energy landscape of chemical reactions and enable reaction pathways, offering a synthetic strategy that complements conventional chemistry. These mechanochemical mechanisms have been studied extensively in one-dimensional polymers under tensile stress using ring-opening and reorganiza...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yan H,Yang F,Pan D,Lin Y,Hohman JN,Solis-Ibarra D,Li FH,Dahl JEP,Carlson RMK,Tkachenko BA,Fokin AA,Schreiner PR,Galli G,Mao WL,Shen ZX,Melosh NA

更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:'Hot Jupiter' extrasolar planets are expected to be tidally locked because they are close (<0.05 astronomical units, where 1 au is the average Sun-Earth distance) to their parent stars, resulting in permanent daysides and nightsides. By observing systems where the planet and star periodically eclipse each other, sever...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knutson HA,Charbonneau D,Allen LE,Fortney JJ,Agol E,Cowan NB,Showman AP,Cooper CS,Megeath ST

更新日期：2007-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA of telomeres--the terminal DNA-protein complexes of chromosomes--differs notably from other DNA sequences in both structure and function. Recent work has highlighted its remarkable mode of synthesis by the ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, telomerase, as well as its ability to form unusual structures in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Blackburn EH

更新日期：1991-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts. Organic farming—a system aimed at produc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Seufert V,Ramankutty N,Foley JA

更新日期：2012-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Locomotion relies on neural networks called central pattern generators (CPGs) that generate periodic motor commands for rhythmic movements. In vertebrates, the excitatory synaptic drive for inducing the spinal CPG can originate from either supraspinal glutamatergic inputs or from within the spinal cord. Here we identi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wyart C,Del Bene F,Warp E,Scott EK,Trauner D,Baier H,Isacoff EY

更新日期：2009-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuyama K,Chera S,van Gurp L,Oropeza D,Ghila L,Damond N,Vethe H,Paulo JA,Joosten AM,Berney T,Bosco D,Dorrell C,Grompe M,Ræder H,Roep BO,Thorel F,Herrera PL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorine is the thirteenth most abundant element in the earth's crust, but fluoride concentrations in surface water are low and fluorinated metabolites are extremely rare. The fluoride ion is a potent nucleophile in its desolvated state, but is tightly hydrated in water and effectively inert. Low availability and a la...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dong C,Huang F,Deng H,Schaffrath C,Spencer JB,O'Hagan D,Naismith JH

更新日期：2004-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear magic numbers correspond to fully occupied energy shells of protons or neutrons inside atomic nuclei. Doubly magic nuclei, with magic numbers for both protons and neutrons, are spherical and extremely rare across the nuclear landscape. Although the sequence of magic numbers is well established for stable nucle...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Taniuchi R,Santamaria C,Doornenbal P,Obertelli A,Yoneda K,Authelet G,Baba H,Calvet D,Château F,Corsi A,Delbart A,Gheller JM,Gillibert A,Holt JD,Isobe T,Lapoux V,Matsushita M,Menéndez J,Momiyama S,Motobayashi T,Nii

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theoretical maximum tensile strain--that is, elongation--of a single-walled carbon nanotube is almost 20%, but in practice only 6% is achieved. Here we show that, at high temperatures, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes can undergo superplastic deformation, becoming nearly 280% longer and 15 times narrower ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huang JY,Chen S,Wang ZQ,Kempa K,Wang YM,Jo SH,Chen G,Dresselhaus MS,Ren ZF

更新日期：2006-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Several discoveries of Late Devonian tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) have been made during the past two decades, but each has been confined to one locality. Here we describe a tetrapod jaw of about 365 million years (Myr) old from the Famennian of Belgium, which is the first from western continental Europe. The jaw clo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clément G,Ahlberg PE,Blieck A,Blom H,Clack JA,Poty E,Thorez J,Janvier P

更新日期：2004-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Glausiusz J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNAs that contain specific high-affinity binding sites for small molecule ligands immobilized on a solid support are present at a frequency of roughly one in 10(10)-10(11) in pools of random sequence RNA molecules. Here we describe a new in vitro selection procedure designed to ensure the isolation of RNAs that bind t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sassanfar M,Szostak JW

更新日期：1993-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a chemoreceptive organ that is thought to transduce pheromones into electrical responses that regulate sexual, hormonal and reproductive function in mammals. The characteristics of pheromone signal detection by vomeronasal neurons remain unclear. Here we use a mouse VNO slice preparation...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leinders-Zufall T,Lane AP,Puche AC,Ma W,Novotny MV,Shipley MT,Zufall F

更新日期：2000-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Photoreceptor loss is the final common endpoint in most retinopathies that lead to irreversible blindness, and there are no effective treatments to restore vision1,2. Chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts offers an opportunity to reverse vision loss; however, the generation of sensory neuronal subtypes such as photore...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mahato B,Kaya KD,Fan Y,Sumien N,Shetty RA,Zhang W,Davis D,Mock T,Batabyal S,Ni A,Mohanty S,Han Z,Farjo R,Forster MJ,Swaroop A,Chavala SH

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout the latter half of this century, the development and spread of resistance to most front-line antimalarial compounds used in the prevention and treatment of the most severe form of human malaria has given cause for grave clinical concern. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1, the gene encoding the P-glycoprotein homologu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reed MB,Saliba KJ,Caruana SR,Kirk K,Cowman AF

更新日期：2000-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigenic variation in the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus is associated with recurrent epidemics of respiratory disease in man (for review see ref. 1). We have examined the size of structural changes necessary to alter the antigenicity of HA by determining the three-dimensional structure of the HA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knossow M,Daniels RS,Douglas AR,Skehel JJ,Wiley DC

更新日期：1984-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Recent studies of the Parkinson's disease associated genes PINK1 (ref. 2) and parkin (PARK2, ref. 3) indicate that they may act in a quality contr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hasson SA,Kane LA,Yamano K,Huang CH,Sliter DA,Buehler E,Wang C,Heman-Ackah SM,Hessa T,Guha R,Martin SE,Youle RJ

更新日期：2013-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of four new Xenoturbella species from deep waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean is reported here. The genus and two nominal species were described from the west coast of Sweden, but their taxonomic placement remains unstable. Limited evidence placed Xenoturbella with molluscs, but the tissues can be conta...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rouse GW,Wilson NG,Carvajal JI,Vrijenhoek RC

更新日期：2016-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear import of the NF-AT transcription factors during T-cell activation requires the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin, which unmasks nuclear-location signals on NF-AT. We show here that the nuclear import of NF-ATs is not sufficient to activate NF-AT target genes, as NF-ATs are subject to a futile cycling ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhu J,McKeon F

更新日期：1999-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Languages, like genes, provide vital clues about human history. The origin of the Indo-European language family is "the most intensively studied, yet still most recalcitrant, problem of historical linguistics". Numerous genetic studies of Indo-European origins have also produced inconclusive results. Here we analyse l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gray RD,Atkinson QD

更新日期：2003-11-27 00:00:00