Abstract：
:Previous studies have shown that apes, dogs and horses seem to be able to attribute attentive states to humans. Subjects had to choose between two persons: one who was able to see the animal and one who was not. Using a similar paradigm, we tested a species that does not rely strongly on visual cues, the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica). Subjects could choose between two unfamiliar persons, with only one showing attention, in three different conditions (body, head away, body turned - head front). Subjects (n=16) only showed a tendency towards the attentive human in the head away condition. However, by pooling those two conditions where the position of the human head was the only salient cue, we found a significant preference for the attentive person. Moreover, two approach styles could be distinguished - an impulsive style with short response times and a non-impulsive style where response times were relatively long. With the second approach style, pigs chose the attentive person significantly more often than expected by chance level, which was not the case when subjects chose impulsively. These first results suggest that pigs are able to use head cues to discriminate between different attentive states of humans.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Nawroth C,Ebersbach M,von Borell Edoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2013.03.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
53-8eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(13)00041-7journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Communication systems that involve substrate vibrations are increasingly a focus of research since this communication mode - recently termed biotremology - has been found to be remarkably widespread in the animal kingdom. Vibrational signals are often used during courtship and therefore underlie both natural and sexua...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103907
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Participants repeatedly played a self-control game in which choice of the higher of two monetary rewards on the present trial reduced the overall reward ('alone condition'). Other participants played a prisoner's dilemma (social cooperation) game in which choices alternated so that overall reward-reducing consequences...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00054-6
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated that chimpanzees can delay gratification by inhibiting consumption of available food items for as long as 3 min as an experimenter transfers additional food items from a transparent container to a bowl placed in front of the subject. In this study, we examined the i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.07.005
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Behavior which is effective only through the mediation of other persons has so many distinguishing dynamic and topographical properties that a special treatment is justified and indeed demanded" (Skinner, 1957, p. 2). Skinner's demand for a special treatment of verbal behavior can be extended within that field to dom...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.008
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three pigeons were exposed for 22 sessions to a variant of a multiple variable-time 1-min extinction reinforcement schedule in the presence of a white key. A 1.5-s stimulus change (red) preceded each 1-min component during which food was delivered and a 1.5-s stimulus change (green) preceded each extinction component....
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(90)90025-B
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation of reproductive success, an important determinant of the opportunity for sexual selection, is an outcome of competition within one sex for mating with members of the other sex. In promiscuous species, males typically compete for access to females, and their reproductive strategies are strongly related to the...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2010.08.005
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present research investigated the blocking effect in three different species, rats, humans and snails in formally equivalent tasks using a within-subjects design. Experiment 1 demonstrated the blocking effect in a context-flavour aversive conditioning preparation in rats: Animals failed to associate a flavour with...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.07.014
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychosocial stress can cause mental conditions such as depression in humans. To develop drug therapies for the treatment of depression, it is necessary to use animal models of depression to screen drug candidates that exhibit anti-depressive effects. Unfortunately, the present methods of drug screening for antidepres...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.12.003
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feral and laboratory flocks of rock doves (Columba livia ) show a pattern of grouped sequential exploitation when simultaneously presented with two dispersed, depleting patches of seed. This behavior contrasts with the ideal free distribution pattern shown when patches are small and concentrated. Grouped sequential ex...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(85)90101-9
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gambler's fallacy is defined as the avoidance of a winning outcome in a stochastic environment with a constant probability. We tested the possibility that the gambler's fallacy in humans is responsive to the amount of time between choice allocations. Two groups of subjects were placed in a six-choice betting game ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2010.02.010
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forced Swimming Test (FST) models behavioural despair in animals by loss of motivation to respond or the refusal to escape. The present study characterizes the behavioural responses of 12-month-old male 3xTg-AD mice in FST as compared to age-matched no-transgenic (NTg) mice. Paradoxical results were consistently found...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.05.001
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the first experiment, farmed blue foxes were allowed to choose for 1 week between four standard farm cages equipped with different floor materials: plastic-coated wire mesh, dry wood, dry sand and wet (summer) or icy (winter) sand. Resting consisted of 10-15 separate bouts/day occupying 50-60% of the total 24-h. Th...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00079-6
更新日期：2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:In a bidirectional control procedure, rats had their first opportunity to push a joystick immediately after observing, from an adjacent compartment, the joystick moving 50 times either to the right or to the left, with each movement signalling the delivery of inaccessible food. Half of these animals observed the joyst...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(94)90074-4
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lateralisation, the different use of one or other side or appendix of the body, is basically determined by brain asymmetry which, in turn, is likely to be due to adaptive reasons. Several studies have been carried out on birds in general. However, birds of prey in particular, although they are very good candidates, ha...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.008
更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:During the 20th century there has been considerable progress in the study of animal cognition, based on essential ideas that were developed earlier. These essential ideas include the metaphors of the animal, the questions, the sources of hypotheses, and the types of explanations. The progress cannot be generally chara...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(01)00149-8
更新日期：2001-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Some models of performance assume that behavior depends on environmental quantities (for example, rates of reinforcement) that are defined over intervals of fixed duration. Although such window models may serve as useful approximations, they are incompatible with well-known properties of behavior (for instance, sensit...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.007
更新日期：2005-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the use of extramaze and intramaze cues on the eight-arm radial maze. The rats received daily training consisting of forced-choice visits to four baited arms, a retention interval, and the availability of all eight arms with baits available at arms that did not appear in the forced-choice phase. The ra...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00125-6
更新日期：2003-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Primates perceive many object features through vision and touch. To date, little is known on how the synergy of these two sensory modalities contributes to enhance object recognition. Here, we investigated in capuchin monkeys (N = 12) whether manipulating objects and retaining tactile information enhanced visual recog...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104044
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of criteria have been suggested for testing if pain occurs in animals, and these include an analgesic effect of opiates (Bateson, 1991). Morphine reduces responses to noxious stimuli in crustaceans but also reduces responsiveness in a non-pain context. Here we use a paradigm in which shore crabs receive a sho...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2011.02.002
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous data suggest that in a peak-interval procedure with gaps, memory for the pre-gap interval varies with the discriminability of the gap from the to-be-timed signal. Here we extend this finding by manipulating the pre-gap and gap intervals as well as the visual contrast between the gap and the to-be-timed signal...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.10.006
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated how differential payoffs affect the temporal discrimination of humans. In a temporal bisection task, participants learned to make one response after a short sample and another after a long sample. When presented with a range of intermediate samples, the proportion of responses fitted well a Gaussian-li...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104146
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In biparental species, each parent represents a semi-independent source of variable caregiving. The nature of care may differ between parents, and the type of care offspring seek is likely to change across development. We asked if caregiving differed between prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) mothers and fathers, and...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104022
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stereotypies often develop in environments that independent evidence shows cause poor welfare. Thus the development od stereotypies indicates that well-being has probably been poor, with the animal motivated to show a behaviour pattern that it could not perform normally or to completion. The continued performance of s...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(91)90013-P
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In experiment 1, rats were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate durations of a filled interval, and durations of an empty interval (an unfilled interval marked at the beginning and end by a 500 ms tone). Training and psychophysical testing was conducted with three sets of anchor durations. Rats made mor...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.009
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic measure of impulsivity, reflecting how rapidly a reward loses value based on its temporal distance. In humans, more impulsive DRD is associated with susceptibility to a number of psychiatric diseases (e.g., addiction, ADHD), health outcomes (e.g., obesity), and...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.03.006
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two studies were carried out to test the ability of Préalpes du Sud x Lacaune (Study 1) and Rambouillet ewes (Study 2) to recognize their lambs during the first 24 h postpartum. Ewes were given the choice between their own and an alien lamb of approximately the same age, in a triangular pen of 10 m×10 m×10 m. A lamb w...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00045-5
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that wheel running in rats produces conditioned taste avoidance; that is, rats that run in wheels after consuming a novel-tasting solution later consume less of that solution than rats that do not run. In experiment 1, we found that wheel running also produces conditioned disgust reactions, indi...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.011
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the preference of prepubescent and adult rats for an unrelated conspecific over a closely related conspecific (e.g., father, mother). Preference was measured by the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the stimulus animals as well as who was visited first. To prevent mating behavior, ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.04.008
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of tail-pinch stress interpolated between the saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) and the illness-inducing unconditioned stimulus (US) during long-trace taste-aversion conditioning was examined in young- and old adult rats with a two-cylinder (saccharin versus water) test. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial ANOVA was pe...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.09.001
更新日期：2006-01-10 00:00:00
