Abstract：
:Stereotypies often develop in environments that independent evidence shows cause poor welfare. Thus the development od stereotypies indicates that well-being has probably been poor, with the animal motivated to show a behaviour pattern that it could not perform normally or to completion. The continued performance of stereotypies may also indicate current suffering. However, an individual or population's degree of stereotypy does not necessarily correspond to the degree to which its well-being or welfare is impaired. This would require individual differences in stereotypy level to be the product of motivational differences and nothing else. In fact, they are also likely to be influenced by an animal's tendency to respond to the eliciting aspects of its environment with active behaviour rather than in a more inactive way. Stereotypy levels are also likely to be influenced by the general propensity of the individual to develop inflexible behavioural routines. Furthermore, as a stereotypy develops and becomes more habit-like it may be performed in circumstances where well-being is not at stake. Thus when comparing animals, lower levels of stereotypy do not necessarily reflect better well-being. General rules about the levels of stereotypy that are deemed "acceptable" from a welfare point of view are of limited use in reducing animal suffering unless they take take these factors into account. There is a great need for more research into the developmental processes responsible for stereotypies.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Mason GJdoi
10.1016/0376-6357(91)90013-Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-12-01 00:00:00pages
103-15issue
2-3eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
0376-6357(91)90013-Pjournal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present study examined sex differences in the responses of domestic chicks to novelty and exposure to a startling stimulus. In the first experiment, 7-day-old male and female chicks were placed individually in a novel environment for 10-min periods. After 5 min, half of the chicks were exposed to a loud bell. Male...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(80)90063-7
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drosophila is by far the most advanced model to understand the complex biochemical interactions upon which circadian clocks rely. Most of the genes that have been characterized so far were isolated through genetic screens using the locomotor activity rhythms of the adults as a circadian output. In addition, new techni...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00133-5
更新日期：2003-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:I investigated the effect of a winning or losing experience on the outcome of an individual's next aggressive encounter among captive American Goldfinches (Carduelis tristis ). Aggressive encounters occurring over access to a feeder were videotaped during the winter of 1985-1986. Both dominants and subordinates were m...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(88)90014-9
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinlan's ID3 algorithm has been used to induce, from behavioral sequences observed on mice in day and night conditions, rules linking each activity to the three preceding ones in a given sequence. These rules were then input into two expert systems so that they might be validated on other behavioral sequences. It is ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(91)90094-G
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human recreation can negatively affect wildlife, particularly on weekends when human activity is highest (i.e., the weekend effect). Much of what we understand about the weekend effect is based on research conducted on diurnal species, which have greater temporal overlap with humans. Because nocturnal species generall...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bird songs have evolved under sexual selection pressure. Songs include multiple features that are subject to female preference, but recent comparative research has indicated evolutionary tradeoffs between song performance and complexity in some species. Trill, a repetition of the same sound, is a performance-related s...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.07.012
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality and physiological traits often have close relationships with dominance status, but the significance and/or direction of the relationships vary between studies. This study examines whether two personality traits (aggressiveness and boldness) and three physiological traits (testosterone and cortisol levels a...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104079
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to rehearse possible future courses of action in the mind is an important feature of advanced social cognition in humans, and the "social brain" hypothesis implies that it might also be a feature of primate social cognition. We tested two chimpanzees, six orangutans and 63 children aged 3-7 years on a set ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.01.009
更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Larger groups often have a greater ability to solve cognitive tasks compared to smaller ones or lone individuals. This is well established in social insects, navigating flocks of birds, and in groups of prey collectively vigilant for predators. Research in social insects has convincingly shown that improved cognitive ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.10.005
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the flicker-fusion frequencies of Rana lessonae, Bufo bufo and Bombina bombina over the temperature range 5-25°C. In all three species the fusion frequency increased with increasing temperature. In the intermediate range of temperatures, the fusion frequencies of Rana le...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(78)90017-7
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous data suggest that in a peak-interval procedure with gaps, memory for the pre-gap interval varies with the discriminability of the gap from the to-be-timed signal. Here we extend this finding by manipulating the pre-gap and gap intervals as well as the visual contrast between the gap and the to-be-timed signal...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.10.006
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons pecked keys or pressed treadles on variable ratio schedules in which they earned their total daily ration of food. Ratio requirements varied in five steps from 15 to 240 responses per reinforcer. Results were generally similar for pecking and pressing. Rates of responding increased with increases in the ratio ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(87)90014-3
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five pigeons were trained to discriminate a constant luminance difference when both reinforcer frequency and reinforcer magnitude were varied in an animal analogue of the human discrete-trial yes- no detection task. Variation of relative reinforcer frequency was more effective in biasing detection performance than var...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(85)90124-X
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Communication involves a wide range of behaviours that animals emit in their daily lives and can take place between different species, as is the case of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and humans. Dogs have shown to be successful at following human cues to solve the object choice task. The question is what are the me...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.017
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) is intermediate host for several cestode species whose final hosts are waterbirds. Previous field studies have shown that brine shrimps infected with cestodes have a bright red colour and are spatially segregated in the water column. However, the etho...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.11.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extinction of learning is a common, yet under-reported limitation of judgment bias testing methods Repeated exposure to the ambiguous probe of a judgment bias paradigm encourages the animal to cease display of the required behaviours. However, there remains a need to repeatedly test animals to achieve statistical powe...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.11.016
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Species recognition is essential for efficient communication between conspecifics. For this to occur, species information must be unambiguously encoded in the repertoire of each species' vocalizations. Until now, the study of species recognition in songbirds has been focused mainly on male songs and male territorial b...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.007
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Weaponry and color badges are commonly theorized to function as visual signals of aggressiveness or fighting ability. However, few studies have supported a signaling function of weaponry, and the role of color in invertebrate competitive interactions remains virtually unexplored. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) make exce...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2011.10.017
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hungry rats were trained to press one lever for a sucrose solution and another for food pellets on a concurrent schedule. The contingency between lever pressing and reinforcement was then reduced by delivering either free sucrose solution or free food pellets. The non-contingent schedule resulted in a greater reductio...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(89)90039-9
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deception, a basic and pervasive biological phenomenon, takes many forms, variously referred to as mimicry, trickery, seduction, pretense, feigning, masquerading, impersonation, distraction, or false promises, and these share certain common distinguishing behavioral elements that permit them to be classified into cate...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2010.02.003
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Facial expressions have been extensively used to assess emotions in humans and thus could be extended to other species that also display facial movements. In mice both painful and fearful situations have been associated with particular shifts in facial expressions. Like other species, mice frequently show a great inte...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.08.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding individual behavioral differences in domestic cats could lead to improved selection when potential cat owners choose a pet with whom to share their lives, along with consequent improvements in cat welfare. Yet very few attempts have been made to elicit cat personality dimensions using the trait-based exp...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.020
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three experiments using rats in an appetitive conditioning procedure analyzed the effect of short and long (50s vs. 1440s) intertrial intervals (ITI) over the acquisition of conditioned stimulus (CS), context (Ctxt), and unconditioned stimulus (US) associations, as well as the effect on the extinction and renewal of t...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.07.014
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animals show various forms of behavioral thermoregulation to minimize cold stress. Given that higher dominance rank is often associated with increased fitness in group-living animals, higher-ranking individuals may also benefit from better access to thermally optimal spatial positions within huddles. This study examin...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104317
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Is the imitation faculty one self-contained domain-general mechanism or an amalgamation of multiple content-specific systems? The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis posits that the imitation faculty consists of distinct content-specific psychological systems that are dissociable both structurally and funct...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.002
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In social species such as house mouse, being dominant is vital. Determination of dominance may start early in life and vary during ontogeny. We asked whether pre-pubertal and adolescent behaviour predicts the rank a male mouse finally obtains. Moreover, we asked how dominant vs. subordinate adults differ in exploratio...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104316
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the Carnivora, play behaviour is usually made up of motor patterns characteristic of predatory, agonistic and courtship behaviour. Domestic dogs are unusual in that play is routinely performed by adults, both socially, with conspecifics and with humans, and also asocially, with objects. This enhanced playfulness...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.023
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Underwater sound fields can be complex, both in open water and small tank environments. Here we measured 1) spatial variation in artificially elevated sound levels in a small fish tank for both particle motion and sound pressure. We confirmed that the ratio of pressure and particle motion deviated considerably from wh...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.04.001
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Participants repeatedly played a self-control game in which choice of the higher of two monetary rewards on the present trial reduced the overall reward ('alone condition'). Other participants played a prisoner's dilemma (social cooperation) game in which choices alternated so that overall reward-reducing consequences...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00054-6
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
