Abstract：
:Among the Carnivora, play behaviour is usually made up of motor patterns characteristic of predatory, agonistic and courtship behaviour. Domestic dogs are unusual in that play is routinely performed by adults, both socially, with conspecifics and with humans, and also asocially, with objects. This enhanced playfulness is commonly thought to be a side effect of paedomorphosis, the perpetuation of juvenile traits into adulthood, but here we suggest that the functions of the different types of play are sufficiently distinct that they are unlikely to have arisen through a single evolutionary mechanism. Solitary play with objects appears to be derived from predatory behaviour: preferred toys are those that can be dismembered, and a complex habituation-like feedback system inhibits play with objects that are resistant to alteration. Intraspecific social play is structurally different from interspecific play and may therefore be motivationally distinct and serve different goals; for example, dogs often compete over objects when playing with other dogs, but are usually more cooperative when the play partner is human. The majority of dogs do not seem to regard competitive games played with a human partner as "dominance" contests: rather, winning possession of objects during games appears to be simply rewarding. Play may be an important factor in sociality, since dogs are capable of extracting social information not only from games in which they participate, but also from games that they observe between third parties. We suggest that the domestic dog's characteristic playfulness in social contexts is an adaptive trait, selected during domestication to facilitate both training for specific purposes, and the formation of emotionally-based bonds between dog and owner. Play frequency and form may therefore be an indicator of the quality of dog-owner relationships.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Bradshaw JW,Pullen AJ,Rooney NJdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
82-7eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(14)00228-9journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Mice are emerging as an important behavioral model for studies of auditory perception and acoustic communication. These mammals frequently produce ultrasonic vocalizations, although the details of how these vocalizations are used for communication are not entirely understood. An important step in determining how they ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:On daily time-place learning tasks animals can work for food at different spatial locations during sessions at different times of the day. In previous experiments rats tracked this pattern of food availability with ordinal timing-they learned to respond at the locations in the correct order each day. In contrast, pige...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.09.026
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 传,历史文章
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.007
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2008.09.012
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.001
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
