Abstract:
:Learning in conditioning protocols has long been thought to depend on temporal contiguity between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. This conceptualization has led to a preponderance of associative models of conditioning. We suggest that trial-based associative models that posit contiguity as the primary principle underlying learning are flawed, and provide a brief review of an alternative, information theoretic approach to conditioning. The information that a CS conveys about the timing of the next US can be derived from the temporal parameters of a conditioning protocol. According to this view, a CS will support conditioned responding if, and only if, it reduces uncertainty about the timing of the next US.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Ward RD,Gallistel CR,Balsam PDdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2013.01.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-05-01 00:00:00pages
3-7eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(13)00006-5journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Sometimes the nests of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus are parasitized by the obligate social parasite Polistes sulcifer. It is not known how, in the spring, this parasite searches for established nests of its host species. This study investigates the capacity to detect the host nest by olfactory cues alone. In labo...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00030-5
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background matching is an important way to camouflage and is widespread among animals. In the field, however, few studies have addressed background matching, and there has been no reported camouflage efficiency in freshwater turtles. Background matching and camouflage efficiency of the four-eyed turtle, Sacalia quadri...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.007
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen Göttingen minipigs were trained on two different visually guided conditional associative tasks. In a spatial conditional task, a black stimulus signalled that a response to the left was correct, and a white stimulus signalled that a response to the right was correct. In a conditional go/no-go task, a blue sti...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.11.002
更新日期:2005-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of environment on the maturation of sand digging behaviour in cuttlefish was studied. Sand digging behaviour of cuttlefish individually reared on sand was daily observed in their rearing tanks (first study). Other cuttlefish were individually reared from hatching to 2 weeks of life in different conditions (...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.04.006
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Mice are emerging as an important behavioral model for studies of auditory perception and acoustic communication. These mammals frequently produce ultrasonic vocalizations, although the details of how these vocalizations are used for communication are not entirely understood. An important step in determining how they ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.04.016
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generalized matching equation provides a good description of response allocation in concurrent schedules of positive reinforcement in nonhumans as well as in humans. The present experiment was conducted to further investigate the allocation of responding under concurrent schedules of negative reinforcement (i.e., ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.10.015
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Communication involves a wide range of behaviours that animals emit in their daily lives and can take place between different species, as is the case of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and humans. Dogs have shown to be successful at following human cues to solve the object choice task. The question is what are the me...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.017
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Performance in object search tasks is not only influenced by the subjects' object permanence ability. For example, ostensive cues of the human manipulating the target markedly affect dogs' choices. However, the interference between the target's location and the spatial cues of the human hiding the object is still unkn...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.02.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioural variation among individuals has received a lot of attention by behavioural ecologists in the past few years. Its causes and consequences are becoming vast areas of research. The origin and maintenance of individual variation in behaviour within and among populations is affected by many facets of the biotic...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.012
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor physical abilities of broilers may prevent them from performing behaviours for which they are motivated. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of physical ability and motivation on the performance of broilers in short physical tasks. We tested birds from a fast- and a slow-growing broiler strain in a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.015
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive evolution can be studied at several different levels, ranging from complex societies of interdependent persons to the DNA molecules coding for enzymes that synthesize neurotransmitter molecules. Genetic models of cognitive evolution can be fairly evaluated only if they involve one or two genetic loci, maybe ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00051-8
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals use cues from their environment to orient in space and to navigate their surroundings. Geometry is a cue whose informational content may originate from the metric properties of a given environment, and its use has been demonstrated in the laboratory in nearly every species of animal tested. However, it is not ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.019
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has begun to examine how individuals discount delayed sex. However, these tasks have not evaluated the dimension of sexual behavior associated with promiscuity (i.e., choices between partners). The current study assessed choices between hypothetical sexual partners within a delay discounting paradigm. Partici...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.03.005
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the serial chaining task, participants are required to produce a sequence of responses to stimuli in the correct order, and sometimes must determine the sequence at trial outset if stimuli are masked after the first response is made. Similarly, the Simon memory span task presents a participant with a sequence of co...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.06.005
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human recreation can negatively affect wildlife, particularly on weekends when human activity is highest (i.e., the weekend effect). Much of what we understand about the weekend effect is based on research conducted on diurnal species, which have greater temporal overlap with humans. Because nocturnal species generall...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.11.002
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, human subjects were asked to estimate their present values of single delayed rewards and their present values of temporal sequences of three rewards. Present values were solicited by asking subjects to indicate an amount of money v for which they would be indifferent between receiving v at the end ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.03.011
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Birdsong is a particularly useful model for animal communication studies. However, current knowledge is derived mainly from the study of male song, and is therefore incomplete. Here, we investigated whether singing behaviour differs between sexes in the cooperatively breeding Western Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibi...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104045
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of tail-pinch stress interpolated between the saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) and the illness-inducing unconditioned stimulus (US) during long-trace taste-aversion conditioning was examined in young- and old adult rats with a two-cylinder (saccharin versus water) test. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial ANOVA was pe...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.09.001
更新日期:2006-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the ability of Octopus vulgaris to prey on bivalve molluscs showing that octopuses exhibited the same behavioural pattern irrespective of the prey species. When the initial pulling method did not result efficient octopuses skipped to drilling accompanied by an increase in the handling time. A compl...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(99)00020-0
更新日期:1999-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The way animals move through space is likely to affect the way they learn and remember spatial information. For example, a pelagic fish, Astyanax fasciatus, moves freely in vertical and horizontal space and encodes information from both dimensions with similar accuracy. Benthic fish can also move with six degrees of f...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.011
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In serial feature-negative (SFN) training to a target unconditioned stimulus (US), eight rats received two types of intermingled trials: (1) trials in which a tone was followed by the delivery of a single food pellet US, and (2) trials in which the delivery of a single food pellet US was followed by three additional f...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00063-7
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this work was to study the effect of early weaning on alimentary preference for the macronutrients protein, carbohydrate and fat in adult rats. Male Wistar rat pups were weaned by separation from the mother at 15 (D15) or 30 (D30) days old. Body weight and food intake were measured every 30 days until...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.09.005
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated rats' preferences for using non-spatial and spatial cues in a missing-object recognition task. Rats were trained to find a sunflower seed under any one of four previously missing adjacent objects, the test array of a trial, after having found seeds under three of them in the 'study' array of th...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.007
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fear reactions of ewes towards a human, a human-like model or a control (plastic cylinder 1.95 m high) were studied using a test previously designed and validated, in which 16 behavioural parameters have been interpreted as indicators of fear (e.g. a relatively long time spent away from the stimulus) or absence of fea...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(94)00056-m
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pigeon earned its daily food by pecking a key according to reinforcement schedules that produced food about once per day. Fixed-interval (FI), Fixed-time (FT), and various complex schedules were arranged to demonstrate the degree to which a scalloped pattern of responding remained. Pausing continued until about an h...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00012-1
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hungry rats were trained to press one lever for a sucrose solution and another for food pellets on a concurrent schedule. The contingency between lever pressing and reinforcement was then reduced by delivering either free sucrose solution or free food pellets. The non-contingent schedule resulted in a greater reductio...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(89)90039-9
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to assess whether adult stallions differentiate their olfactory and marking behaviour towards the excreta of their potential male rivals and mares. Four Konik polski stallions were individually exposed simultaneously to their own and each others' faeces as well as faeces of mares in oestrus vs...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.09.015
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) to discriminate between the shape and size of beads was investigated in two one-trial tasks, taste avoidance and sickness-conditioned learning. Previous studies determined that color is a critical classification cue for conditioned stimuli in these tasks. In tas...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.019
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of cue competition on timing in both overshadowing and blocking operant procedures with pigeons. A white center key delivered reward when pecked 30s after a red or green sidekey was presented and 10s after presentation of the alternate color on the other sidekey. In Experiment 1, key presentatio...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.02.018
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Navigation is an important skill for mobile creatures. One important aspect of navigation is the ability to regain your position (reorient) if you become lost. Over the last 20 years, Marcia Spetch has added substantially to our understanding of reorientation and has advanced the fields of both comparative cognition a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 传,历史文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.12.017
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00