Abstract：
:In two experiments, human subjects were asked to estimate their present values of single delayed rewards and their present values of temporal sequences of three rewards. Present values were solicited by asking subjects to indicate an amount of money v for which they would be indifferent between receiving v at the end of the session and receiving the delayed reward(s). A procedure was used for which responding the true value of v was the optimal strategy, and the actual payoff that each subject received was determined by one randomly selected trial. In Experiment 1 (n=29) each delayed reward was 9.90 dollars in cash. In Experiment 2 (n=19) the delayed rewards were dated 15 dollars gift certificates to a local restaurant. In both experiments, the present values of the sequences were approximately equal to the sums of the present values of their component rewards. The presence of outliers suggests that a few subjects may have valued sequences less than the sums of their single rewards. Effects of a preference for uniform sequences, if any, were too small to be detected. Discounting of sequences was well fit by a parallel hyperbolic discounting equation, consistent with Mazur's [Mazur, J.E., 1986. Choice between single and multiple delayed reinforcers. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 46 (1), 67-77] results using multiple reinforcers.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Kirby KNdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2006.03.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
273-82issue
3eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(06)00094-5journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Allosuckling, the suckling of offspring from females other than their own mother, has been reported in a number of mammalian species, including reindeer. The causes and function of this behaviour are still being investigated. We monitored 25 doe-calf pairs of semi-domestic reindeer Rangifer tarandus over 10 weeks to t...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.013
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual landmarks are important navigational aids to many animals, and when more than one is available their juxtaposition can convey valuable new information to a navigator about progress toward a goal, depending on the landmarks' comparative distinctiveness. We investigated the effect of presenting rock ant colonies ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.004
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Models of motivation have been traditionally classified along the lines of homeostatic/ priming dichotomies using a diversity of definitions and names. Here, similar classification is used to describe a model of behaviour made of two well-defined mechanisms connected in series representing priming and homeostasis, and...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(94)00029-g
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult participants played computerised games of "Paper Scissors Rock". Participants in one group were told that they were playing against the computer, and those in the other group were told that they were playing against another participant in the adjacent room. The participant who won the most games would receive a ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.07.005
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of anesthesia (Ketaset-Rompun) interpolated between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during long-trace taste-aversion conditioning in rats was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, rats that were anesthetized immediately after experiencing a saccharin solution formed a...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2003.09.001
更新日期：2004-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Hosts of interspecific brood parasites often evolve antiparasitic defences, like the recognition and rejection of parasite's eggs. Most hosts use differences in coloration and maculation to discriminate between their own and parasitic eggs, but there are a few cases of hosts using the size of eggs as a cue. To recogni...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104152
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examines the ability of Octopus vulgaris to prey on bivalve molluscs showing that octopuses exhibited the same behavioural pattern irrespective of the prey species. When the initial pulling method did not result efficient octopuses skipped to drilling accompanied by an increase in the handling time. A compl...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0376-6357(99)00020-0
更新日期：1999-05-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.06.016
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Worker ants, which perform various tasks in their society (division of labour or polyethism), also demonstrate different types of antennal activity in trophallactic interactions. These differences concern the variability in successions of behavioural units performed by the worker in the course of substance transmissio...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(85)90007-5
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2011.12.003
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study used the protocol established to produce retroactive interference (RI) in contextual memory paradigms and applied it to an appetitive learning setting. Rats were first subjected to the learning of an operant conditioning, action-outcome (A-O) association and were tested in a probe (A-O probe) session...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104020
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodent urine provides animals with a large amount of information, from the identity of the animal through its physical condition to social status. Many studies therefore focus on rodent urine-marking behaviour and use marking frequency as an indicator of social status or competitive ability. However, marking, like man...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a vast literature on the behavioural effects of partial reinforcement in Pavlovian conditioning. Compared with animals receiving continuous reinforcement, partially rewarded animals typically show (a) a slower development of the conditioned response (CR) early in training and (b) a higher asymptotic level of ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.016
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioural variation among individuals has received a lot of attention by behavioural ecologists in the past few years. Its causes and consequences are becoming vast areas of research. The origin and maintenance of individual variation in behaviour within and among populations is affected by many facets of the biotic...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paw use on three tasks in 53 domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) was studied to determine whether the animals exhibited a significant paw preference, and, if so, to explore the direction and strength of the dogs' preferred paw use, both within, and between, tasks. The influence of the dogs' sex on their paw preferences w...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00161-4
更新日期：2003-02-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00056-3
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104259
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paternal care is uncommon in mammals where males are more often involved in sexual competition than in providing care for their own offspring. However some species present some form of paternal care and, most of the time, this phenomenon is associated with a monogamous mating system. Mice of the genus Mus, such as the...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00117-0
更新日期：2000-10-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.11.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Source memory, a facet of episodic memory, is the memory of the origin of information. Whereas source memory in rats is sustained for at least a week, spatial memory degraded after approximately a day. Different forgetting functions may suggest that two memory systems (source memory and spatial memory) are dissociated...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.09.018
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.008
更新日期：2004-11-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00133-5
更新日期：2003-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used tool for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve f...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2018.11.001
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On daily time-place learning tasks animals can work for food at different spatial locations during sessions at different times of the day. In previous experiments rats tracked this pattern of food availability with ordinal timing-they learned to respond at the locations in the correct order each day. In contrast, pige...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00036-9
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between persistence, as measured by resistance to change, and resurgence has been examined with nonhuman animals but not systematically with humans. The present study examined persistence and resurgence with undergraduate students engaging in a computer task for points exchangeable for money. In Phase 1, ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.010
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a promising model organism for affective or cognitive neuroscience research, and may be useful to study the interplay between memory and anxiety-related states. To assess the effects of acute psychological stress on spatial and cued memory, adult zebrafish were trained in an ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2011.04.004
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Is the imitation faculty one self-contained domain-general mechanism or an amalgamation of multiple content-specific systems? The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis posits that the imitation faculty consists of distinct content-specific psychological systems that are dissociable both structurally and funct...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.002
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The way animals move through space is likely to affect the way they learn and remember spatial information. For example, a pelagic fish, Astyanax fasciatus, moves freely in vertical and horizontal space and encodes information from both dimensions with similar accuracy. Benthic fish can also move with six degrees of f...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.011
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
