Reinforcer specificity of the suppression of instrumental performance on a non-contingent schedule.

abstract：:The ability to rehearse possible future courses of action in the mind is an important feature of advanced social cognition in humans, and the "social brain" hypothesis implies that it might also be a feature of primate social cognition. We tested two chimpanzees, six orangutans and 63 children aged 3-7 years on a set ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dunbar RI,McAdam MR,O'connell S

更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Kin recognition requires the ability to discriminate between one's own genetic relatives and non-relatives. There are two mechanisms that aid in kin discrimination: phenotype matching and familiarity. Dogs may be a good model for assessing these mechanisms as dogs are a promiscuous social species with a keen sense of ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hamilton J,Vonk J

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiments examined whether external contextual stimuli can acquire inhibitory properties through a simple differential context-reinforcement procedure. Rats first received discrimination training sessions in which an electric footshock was consistently delivered in one context, but not in a second, diffe...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Maes JH,Vossen JM

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this preliminary study defense behaviour patterns (fear responses) are described in two closely related, behaviourally different inbred labyrinth fish subspecies and in their F1 generation. The subspecies M. opercularis (characterized briefly by "active escape") and M. opercularis concolor (characterized by "passiv...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Vadász C,Kiss B,Csányi V

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of infants in the communal rearing system of marmosets and tamarins has received little attention although their demands may not be complied by inadequate helpers. As acoustic signalling plays an important role in their social communication, it is expected to be an effective way for infants to signal their de...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Geiss S,Schrader L

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigated the preference of prepubescent and adult rats for an unrelated conspecific over a closely related conspecific (e.g., father, mother). Preference was measured by the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the stimulus animals as well as who was visited first. To prevent mating behavior, ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bolton JL,Winland C,Ford B,Burbey A,Zewail-Foote M,Guarraci FA

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dog cognition research tends to rely on behavioural response, which can be confounded by obedience or motivation, as the primary means of indexing dog cognitive abilities. A physiological method of measuring dog cognitive processing would be instructive and could complement behavioural response. Electroencephalogram (...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Howell TJ,Conduit R,Toukhsati S,Bennett P

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research suggested that 16-week old dog pups, but not wolf pups, show attachment behaviour to a human caregiver. Attachment to a caregiver in dog pups has been demonstrated by differential responding to a caregiver compared to a stranger in the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test. We show here that 3-7 week old ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hall NJ,Lord K,Arnold AM,Wynne CD,Udell MA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gambler's fallacy is defined as the avoidance of a winning outcome in a stochastic environment with a constant probability. We tested the possibility that the gambler's fallacy in humans is responsive to the amount of time between choice allocations. Two groups of subjects were placed in a six-choice betting game ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Militana E,Wolfson E,Cleaveland JM

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The territorial defense of mating sites by males should be favored when female monopolization is possible. Such monopolization should occur in species in which females emerge asynchronously, since males may have time to copulate with one female before the arrival of other. However, regions with smaller reproductive wi...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Peixoto PE,Medina AM,Mendoza-Cuenca L

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When shown prawns in a glass tube, cuttlefish quickly learn to inhibit their predatory behaviour. The available literature suggests that cuttlefish show an excellent retention between 2 and 8 min, a recovery of the predatory responses around 20 min, and good retention after 1 h of the training phase. These results hav...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dickel L,Chichery MP,Chichery R

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals use cues from their environment to orient in space and to navigate their surroundings. Geometry is a cue whose informational content may originate from the metric properties of a given environment, and its use has been demonstrated in the laboratory in nearly every species of animal tested. However, it is not ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hornsby MAW,Healy SD,Hurly TA

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sequential choice model (SCM) proposes that latencies to accept options presented alone can be used to predict preferences between these options when they are presented simultaneously. SCM has been proposed and tested in experiments where only two alternatives were present. To further challenge the model, we train...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Vasconcelos M,Monteiro T,Aw J,Kacelnik A

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Facial expressions have been extensively used to assess emotions in humans and thus could be extended to other species that also display facial movements. In mice both painful and fearful situations have been associated with particular shifts in facial expressions. Like other species, mice frequently show a great inte...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Lecorps B,Féron C

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), the most famous being Pepperberg's parrot Alex, are able to imitate human speech and produce labels referentially. In this study, the aim was to teach ten African grey parrots from two laboratories to label items. Training three parrots from the first laboratory for sev...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Giret N,Péron F,Lindová J,Tichotová L,Nagle L,Kreutzer M,Tymr F,Bovet D

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preexposures to a punctate stimulus or to an external context were examined for their effect on the competition for associative strength between context and stimulus in subsequent aversive classical conditioning. Using rats as subjects and freezing as the index of conditioned responding, Experiment 1 showed that preex...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Maes JH,Vossen JM

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B.F. Skinner argued that the science of behavior would progress more rapidly without appealing to theories of learning. He also suggested that theories in a quite different sense were possible, but that the science of behavior as of 1950 was not ready for them. The following analysis distinguishes between Skinner's tw...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Smith TL

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to utilize numerical information can be adaptive in a number of ecological contexts including foraging, mating, parental care, and anti-predator strategies. Numerical abilities of mammals and birds have been studied both in natural conditions and in controlled laboratory conditions using a variety of appro...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Agrillo C,Miletto Petrazzini ME,Bisazza A

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the use of extramaze and intramaze cues on the eight-arm radial maze. The rats received daily training consisting of forced-choice visits to four baited arms, a retention interval, and the availability of all eight arms with baits available at arms that did not appear in the forced-choice phase. The ra...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Babb SJ,Crystal JD

更新日期：2003-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether the development of spatial behaviour of the domestic chicken is influenced by light exposure of the embryo, as is known to be the case for some other lateralized visual functions. Ninety-six chicks were incubated in the dark or exposed to light during the final days of incubation. Half of the c...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Wichman A,Rogers LJ,Freire R

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome decreases because its delivery is either delayed or uncertain. Discounting has been widely studied because of its ubiquitous nature. Research from our laboratory has demonstrated that rates of discounting are systematically altered by several different factors...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Weatherly JN

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the use and making of tools to obtain foodstuffs in artificial-mound holes by five captive, group-living Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii). Three adult orangutans frequently stripped leaves and twigs from a branch provided (tool-making), and then inserted the tool into a hole to ob...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Nakamichi M

更新日期：2004-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of size asymmetries between contestants that engage in agonistic interactions at a limited food source were investigated. Rates of agonistic interactions at the experimental food sources were not density-dependent. Most of the interactions concerned dyads either of the same developmental stage or of clo...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Rivault C,Cloarec A

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of lever height on lever pressing that was not explicitly reinforced - i.e., operant-level responding. Two rodent species were used as subjects, rats (Experiment 1) and hamsters (Experiment 2), aiming to compare the behavioral support offered by one lever at various ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Cabrera F,Sanabria F,Jiménez ÁA,Covarrubias P

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bumble bees were trained to discriminate between two visual patterns, one of which was rewarding (S+) and one of which was unrewarding (S-). Subsequently, they were tested for discrimination between two non-rewarding patterns: the top halves of the training patterns, the bottom halves or the side halves. Three conditi...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Thivierge J,Plowright C,Chan T

更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Some models of performance assume that behavior depends on environmental quantities (for example, rates of reinforcement) that are defined over intervals of fixed duration. Although such window models may serve as useful approximations, they are incompatible with well-known properties of behavior (for instance, sensit...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Tonneau F

更新日期：2005-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last days of incubation vocalization is a form of communication between the avian embryo and the incubating parent. Commonly, embryonic calls increase when ambient temperature (Ta) deviates from the optimal range, but no information is available on whether the characteristics of the calls differ between war...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Mortola JP

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioural responses to repeated trials in captivity can be driven by many factors including rearing environment, population of origin, habituation to captivity/trial conditions and an individual's behavioural type (e.g., bold versus shy). We tested the effect of rearing environment (captive raised common-garden vers...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gruber J,Whiting MJ,Brown G,Shine R

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This longitudinal study describes the functional development of locomotion in the woodmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus . It shows that postnatal day (PND) 11 is a critical age in the acquisition of independence. Locomotion develops in successive stages before reaching the adult pattern (walking) at PND 11. Intermediate patt...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Pontet A,Schenk F

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I investigated the effect of a winning or losing experience on the outcome of an individual's next aggressive encounter among captive American Goldfinches (Carduelis tristis ). Aggressive encounters occurring over access to a feeder were videotaped during the winter of 1985-1986. Both dominants and subordinates were m...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Popp JW

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00