Abstract：
:Some models of performance assume that behavior depends on environmental quantities (for example, rates of reinforcement) that are defined over intervals of fixed duration. Although such window models may serve as useful approximations, they are incompatible with well-known properties of behavior (for instance, sensitivity to delay). Window models with variable window length, however, are more difficult to refute. This article examines some implications of the assumption of random window length. Variable windows are shown to produce continuous forgetting and temporal discounting functions, to display properties analogous to parallel aggregation, and to make reasonable predictions about steady-state relations between reinforcement and responding. Issues of interpretation nonetheless suggest that alternatives to window models should be developed.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Tonneau Fdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.007keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-31 00:00:00pages
237-47issue
2eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(05)00035-5journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The dynamic of a series of responses for four pigeons is analyzed using a discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a measure of behavior's predictability. FFTs of moment-to-moment response rates reliably exhibited a continuous distribution for three of the four birds, with most of the power falling in the low frequen...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00043-8
更新日期：2002-06-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The sequential choice model (SCM) proposes that latencies to accept options presented alone can be used to predict preferences between these options when they are presented simultaneously. SCM has been proposed and tested in experiments where only two alternatives were present. To further challenge the model, we train...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.11.010
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Context renewal is the relapse of an extinguished response due to changing the stimulus context following extinction. Reinforcing operant responding in Context A and extinguishing in Context B results in relapse when either returning to Context A (ABA renewal) or introducing a novel Context C (ABC renewal). ABA renewa...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2015.07.015
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The depressive effects of noncontingent and explicitly unpaired food unconditioned stimuli (USs) and the recovery from those effects on autoshaped responding were examined in a series of experiments with pigeons. In Experiments 1 and 2, responding to a keylight conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with food was...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.005
更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that conditioned food aversion (CFA) could be a potential non-lethal intervention by which to deter attacks on livestock by large carnivores. CFA occurs when an animal associates the characteristics of a food with an illness, thus rejecting that food in subsequent encounters. CFA can be associate...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104259
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome decreases because its delivery is either delayed or uncertain. Discounting has been widely studied because of its ubiquitous nature. Research from our laboratory has demonstrated that rates of discounting are systematically altered by several different factors...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.01.020
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bumble bees were trained to discriminate between two visual patterns, one of which was rewarding (S+) and one of which was unrewarding (S-). Subsequently, they were tested for discrimination between two non-rewarding patterns: the top halves of the training patterns, the bottom halves or the side halves. Three conditi...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00093-1
更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous data suggest that in a peak-interval procedure with gaps, memory for the pre-gap interval varies with the discriminability of the gap from the to-be-timed signal. Here we extend this finding by manipulating the pre-gap and gap intervals as well as the visual contrast between the gap and the to-be-timed signal...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.10.006
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Interruptions and unfamiliar events (distracters) during a timed signal disrupt (delay) timing in humans and other animals. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to a stimulus may reduce its subsequent time-disrupting properties. To test this hypothesis rats were trained in a reversed peak-interval (RPI) procedure, i...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2013.09.003
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested the use of ventilatory frequency (VF) as an indicator of stress in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Firstly, we tested the relationship between VF and plasma cortisol after confinement. Confined fish showed higher VF and plasma cortisol levels, but the latter continued to increase signif...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.001
更新日期：2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Delay of gratification (DofG) refers to the capacity to forego an immediate reward in order to receive a more desirable reward later. As a core executive function, it might be expected that DofG would follow the standard pattern of age-related decline observed in older adults for other executive tasks. However, there ...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104125
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) is intermediate host for several cestode species whose final hosts are waterbirds. Previous field studies have shown that brine shrimps infected with cestodes have a bright red colour and are spatially segregated in the water column. However, the etho...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2006.11.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To cope with the variable environment, animals are continuously required to learn novel behaviours or, in certain cases, to inhibit automatic and previously learned behaviours. Traditionally, inhibition has been regarded as cognitively demanding and studied mostly in primates, other mammals and birds, using laboratory...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2019.04.011
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used tool for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve f...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2007.01.001
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mated pairs of Mongolian gerbils were rejoined by two of their own young, of both sexes, after periods of separation starting when the young were four or seven weeks of age and lasting either one or four weeks. An additional group of young was separated from their parents when six weeks old, this time for two weeks. T...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(86)90024-0
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ground squirrels emit species-specific alarm calls that, among other characteristics, differ by the number of elements. Unlike some species that produce single-element calls, e.g., the Speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus), individual European ground squirrels (S. citellus) frequently emit binary-element ca...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.014
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioural responses to repeated trials in captivity can be driven by many factors including rearing environment, population of origin, habituation to captivity/trial conditions and an individual's behavioural type (e.g., bold versus shy). We tested the effect of rearing environment (captive raised common-garden vers...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2018.05.001
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Species recognition is essential for efficient communication between conspecifics. For this to occur, species information must be unambiguously encoded in the repertoire of each species' vocalizations. Until now, the study of species recognition in songbirds has been focused mainly on male songs and male territorial b...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.007
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of experiments investigated the role of familiarity in the development of individual recognition and social preferences in spiny mice. Pups who suckled from the same mother were able to recognize one another by common maternal labels even though these same pups were also differentially labeled by additional f...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(84)90044-5
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a technique based on automatic photography as an alternative to the visual scanning method for behavioural investigations of insect societies. This technique opens up the possibilities for studying poorly-populated colonies over prolonged periods. The reliability of this technique as compared to the direct...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(86)90087-2
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal movement behaviour is intensively investigated with capture-mark-recapture studies. For the analysis of such experiments, the influence of marking technique, handling and translocation of marked animals on movement pattern is of crucial importance since it may mask or overrule the effects of the main research q...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2009.03.001
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Virgin female Microtus ochrogaster living in family groups were reproductively activated by twelve 1-hr exposures over a 3-day period to unrelated sexually experienced males. Reproductive activation among virgin females receiving six or eight exposures over a 2- or 3-day period did not differ significantly from that o...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(88)90050-2
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study simultaneously varied experiences of recent victory or defeat, 2-h familiarity with the meeting place, and hen weight in order to understand their combined effects on the establishment of dyadic dominance relationships between hens not previously acquainted with each other. Three kinds of encounters were ar...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-6357(97)00040-5
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from previous experiments on predator-prey distance estimation during ontogeny are compared to theoretical interpretations. In Ranatra the relationships between performance (maximum reactive distances), effectors (length of forelegs) and receptors (eyes) do not remain constant during nymphal development, contrary...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(84)90034-2
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sometimes the nests of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus are parasitized by the obligate social parasite Polistes sulcifer. It is not known how, in the spring, this parasite searches for established nests of its host species. This study investigates the capacity to detect the host nest by olfactory cues alone. In labo...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(95)00030-5
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vocal individual identification has been demonstrated in many animals, with discriminant function analysis (DFA) and spectrographic cross-correlation (SPCC) being the two most frequent methods. Successful vocal individual identification requires high among-individual differences and within-individual stability over ti...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104063
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic mild stress (CMS) is a widely accepted animal model relevant to depression that among other consequences, is chiefly known to induce anhedonia, often assessed as decreased preference for sucrose solution. CMS is also known to affect cognition, particularly memory tasks. In this study we have employed the multi...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2017.12.008
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra- and interspecific agonistic encounters in Long-Evans and field-trapped Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus showed a consistency in the form and character of attack and defensive behaviors. Colony alpha males exhibited high levels of lateral attack, on-top, and chasing behaviors which resulted in a high percenta...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-6357(82)90052-3
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated how differential payoffs affect the temporal discrimination of humans. In a temporal bisection task, participants learned to make one response after a short sample and another after a long sample. When presented with a range of intermediate samples, the proportion of responses fitted well a Gaussian-li...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104146
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans respond to an infant crying with an increase in cortisol level and heightened alertness, a response interpreted as emotional contagion, a primitive form of empathy. Previous results are mixed when examining whether dogs might respond similarly to human distress. We examined whether domestic dogs, which have a l...
journal_title：Behavioural processes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
