Human choice under schedules of negative reinforcement.

abstract：:Many studies have suggested that non-human primates have good individual recognition abilities, that social stimuli can serve as discriminative stimuli in learning tests and that visual access to social objects or events can be a reinforcer for operant behaviour. Intensified research efforts comparing the effectivenes...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Anderson JR

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Background matching is an important way to camouflage and is widespread among animals. In the field, however, few studies have addressed background matching, and there has been no reported camouflage efficiency in freshwater turtles. Background matching and camouflage efficiency of the four-eyed turtle, Sacalia quadri...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Xiao F,Yang C,Shi H,Wang J,Sun L,Lin L

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three mentally retarded humans first acquired a simple discrimination: Simultaneously displayed visual stimuli A1 and A2 functioned as S+ and S-, respectively. The subjects also acquired a conditional discrimination, learning to select visual stimuli B1 and B2 conditionally upon A1 and A2, respectively. Then, B1 and B...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： de Rose JC,McIlvane WJ,Dube WV,Stoddard LT

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained to discriminate a constant luminance difference when both reinforcer frequency and reinforcer magnitude were varied in an animal analogue of the human discrete-trial yes- no detection task. Variation of relative reinforcer frequency was more effective in biasing detection performance than var...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Boldero J,Davison M,McCarthy D

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic measure of impulsivity, reflecting how rapidly a reward loses value based on its temporal distance. In humans, more impulsive DRD is associated with susceptibility to a number of psychiatric diseases (e.g., addiction, ADHD), health outcomes (e.g., obesity), and...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gray JC,Sanchez-Roige S,de Wit H,MacKillop J,Palmer AA

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Employing the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) principle as a tool, we investigated how Allenby's gerbils (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi) utilized food patches within and moved between connected quadrants (i.e., 'habitats') in a large outdoor semi-natural enclosure. These habitats differed in initial forager densities, bu...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Makin DF,Kotler BP

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed the temporal pattern of conditioned suppression of lever-pressing for food in rats conditioned with tone-shock pairings using either a 10 or 15s conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (US) interval with a CS duration that was three times the CS-US interval. The analysis of average suppression and...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Tallot L,Capela D,Brown BL,Doyère V

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioural responses to repeated trials in captivity can be driven by many factors including rearing environment, population of origin, habituation to captivity/trial conditions and an individual's behavioural type (e.g., bold versus shy). We tested the effect of rearing environment (captive raised common-garden vers...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gruber J,Whiting MJ,Brown G,Shine R

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. i...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Lamb RJ,Maguire DR,Ginsburg BC,Pinkston JW,France CP

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen Göttingen minipigs were trained on two different visually guided conditional associative tasks. In a spatial conditional task, a black stimulus signalled that a response to the left was correct, and a white stimulus signalled that a response to the right was correct. In a conditional go/no-go task, a blue sti...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Moustgaard A,Arnfred SM,Lind NM,Hemmingsen R,Hansen AK

更新日期：2005-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate empirically confusion matrices in device validation. We compared the confusion matrix method to linear regression and error indices in the validation of a device measuring feeding behaviour of dairy cattle. In addition, we studied how to extract additional information on cl...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Ruuska S,Hämäläinen W,Kajava S,Mughal M,Matilainen P,Mononen J

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite a shared recognition that the design of the human mind and the design of human culture are tightly linked, researchers in the evolutionary social sciences tend to specialize in understanding one at the expense of the other. The disciplinary boundaries roughly correspond to research traditions that focus more o...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Wertz AE,Moya C

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This experiment was carried out to investigate the long-term effects of enhancing cage complexity on behavioural measures of welfare in laboratory rats. We housed 72 rats in groups of four in either 'enriched' or 'unenriched' cages for six weeks. Scan and focal animal sampling were conducted in both the light and dark...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Abou-Ismail UA,Burman OH,Nicol CJ,Mendl M

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extinction of learning is a common, yet under-reported limitation of judgment bias testing methods Repeated exposure to the ambiguous probe of a judgment bias paradigm encourages the animal to cease display of the required behaviours. However, there remains a need to repeatedly test animals to achieve statistical powe...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Barker TH,Howarth GS,Whittaker AL

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The requirement for assessing the effects of stressor combinations in improving the welfare of animals has not been widely recognised. Knowledge of the effects of concurrent stressors is needed to improve environments such as transport, where animals are presented with many simultaneous challenges. However, no method ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Abeyesinghe SM,Nicol CJ,Wathes CM,Randall JM

更新日期：2001-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Two studies were carried out to test the ability of Préalpes du Sud x Lacaune (Study 1) and Rambouillet ewes (Study 2) to recognize their lambs during the first 24 h postpartum. Ewes were given the choice between their own and an alien lamb of approximately the same age, in a triangular pen of 10 m×10 m×10 m. A lamb w...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Terrazas A,Ferreira G,Lévy F,Nowak R,Serafin N,Orgeur P,Soto R,Poindron P

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the function of alloparental behavior in cooperatively breeding species. We examined whether alloparental experience as juveniles enhanced later parental care and reproductive success in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), a cooperatively breeding rodent. Juveniles...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Stone AI,Mathieu D,Griffin L,Bales KL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on the inhibition of learned fear currently relies almost exclusively on one specific procedure, namely extinction of the conditioned stimulus (CS). Importantly, however, learned fear responses can be reduced by a number of other procedures, including habituation of the unconditioned stimulus (US). We recentl...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Storsve AB,McNally GP,Richardson R

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous research suggested that 16-week old dog pups, but not wolf pups, show attachment behaviour to a human caregiver. Attachment to a caregiver in dog pups has been demonstrated by differential responding to a caregiver compared to a stranger in the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test. We show here that 3-7 week old ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hall NJ,Lord K,Arnold AM,Wynne CD,Udell MA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were exposed for 22 sessions to a variant of a multiple variable-time 1-min extinction reinforcement schedule in the presence of a white key. A 1.5-s stimulus change (red) preceded each 1-min component during which food was delivered and a 1.5-s stimulus change (green) preceded each extinction component....

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Steffen P,Liguori A,Marcucella H

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Female mate choice is a well studied mechanism of sexual selection that can affect the evolution of male secondary sexual traits. However, males also exhibit selective mate choice in some animals, which can affect the evolution of female phenotypes. We tested for evidence of intraspecific male mate choice in the Rainb...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Soudry O,Kaira H,Parsa S,Mendelson T

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is known that rats tend to eat a smaller/lighter piece of food at the food source but carry a larger/heavier one to the nest for consumption. This could be interpreted well in terms of the trade-off or motivational conflict between "feeding" and "risk avoidance", because eating food immediately satisfies feeding mo...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Onuki Y,Kato K,Makino J

更新日期：2005-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterogeneity of group data can obscure a significant effect of an intervention due to differential baseline scores. Instead of discarding the seemingly heterogeneous response set, an orderly lawful relationship could be present. Rate dependence describes a pattern between a baseline and the change in that baselin...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Snider SE,Quisenberry AJ,Bickel WK

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resurgence of previously reinforced responding was investigated in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Swimming through a ring produced 15-s mirror presentations according to, with different fish, either a fixed-ratio 1 or a variable-interval 60-s schedule of reinforcement. When responding was stable, a diff...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： da Silva SP,Cançado CR,Lattal KA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operant and maze tasks in mice are limited by the small number of trials possible in a session before mice lose motivation. We hypothesized that by manipulating reward size and session length, motivation, and hence performance, would be maintained in an automated T-maze. We predicted that larger rewards and shorter se...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gaskill BN,Lucas JR,Pajor EA,Garner JP

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional response, i.e. the change in per capita food intake rate per time unit with changed food availability, is a widely used tool for understanding the ecology and behaviour of animals. However, waterfowl remain poorly explored in this context. In an aviary experiment we derived a functional response curve f...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Arzel C,Guillemain M,Gurd DB,Elmberg J,Fritz H,Arnaud A,Pin C,Bosca F

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments using rats in an appetitive conditioning procedure analyzed the effect of short and long (50s vs. 1440s) intertrial intervals (ITI) over the acquisition of conditioned stimulus (CS), context (Ctxt), and unconditioned stimulus (US) associations, as well as the effect on the extinction and renewal of t...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Carranza-Jasso R,Urcelay GP,Nieto J,Sánchez-Carrasco L

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from previous experiments on predator-prey distance estimation during ontogeny are compared to theoretical interpretations. In Ranatra the relationships between performance (maximum reactive distances), effectors (length of forelegs) and receptors (eyes) do not remain constant during nymphal development, contrary...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Cloarec A

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Is the imitation faculty one self-contained domain-general mechanism or an amalgamation of multiple content-specific systems? The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis posits that the imitation faculty consists of distinct content-specific psychological systems that are dissociable both structurally and funct...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Subiaul F

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most primates live in social groups which survival and stability depend on individuals' abilities to create strong social relationships with other group members. The existence of those groups requires to identify individuals and to assign to each of them a social status. Individual recognition can be achieved through ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Dufour V,Pascalis O,Petit O

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00