Abstract:
:The heterogeneity of group data can obscure a significant effect of an intervention due to differential baseline scores. Instead of discarding the seemingly heterogeneous response set, an orderly lawful relationship could be present. Rate dependence describes a pattern between a baseline and the change in that baseline following some intervention. To highlight the importance of analyzing data from a rate-dependent perspective, we (1) briefly review research illustrating that rate-dependent effects can be observed in response to both drug and non-drug interventions in varied schedules of reinforcement in clinical and preclinical populations; (2) observe that the process of rate-dependence likely requires multiple parts of a system operating simultaneously to evoke differential responding as a function of baseline; and (3) describe several statistical methods for consideration and posit that Oldham's correlation is the most appropriate for rate-dependent analyses. Finally, we propose future applications for these analyses in which the level of baseline behavior exhibited prior to an intervention may determine the magnitude and direction of behavior change and can lead to the identification of subpopulations that would be benefitted. In sum, rate dependence is an invaluable perspective to examine data following any intervention in order to identify previously overlooked results.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Snider SE,Quisenberry AJ,Bickel WKdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2016.03.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
18-24eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(16)30060-2journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Primates flexibly change their grooming behavior depending on group size and composition to maintain social relationships among group members. However, how drastic social changes influence their grooming behavior remains unclear. We observed the grooming behavior of adult female Japanese macaques in two groups tempora...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, human subjects were asked to estimate their present values of single delayed rewards and their present values of temporal sequences of three rewards. Present values were solicited by asking subjects to indicate an amount of money v for which they would be indifferent between receiving v at the end ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.03.011
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last days of incubation vocalization is a form of communication between the avian embryo and the incubating parent. Commonly, embryonic calls increase when ambient temperature (Ta) deviates from the optimal range, but no information is available on whether the characteristics of the calls differ between war...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.04.007
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specialization of the left and right hemispheres to control behavioural responses may represent one of the mechanisms underlying individual differences in personality structure, as well as the preferential use of one hand. The present study investigated the relationship between personality and hand preference in commo...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103899
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ectopic pituitary isografts on response to novelty were studied in adult Snell Dwarf mice. Because of anterohypophyseal deficiency, these animals exhibit dwarfism, sterility and marked neurochemical and behavioural deficits. When given the opportunity to move around freely in simultaneously presented no...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(87)90004-0
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila is by far the most advanced model to understand the complex biochemical interactions upon which circadian clocks rely. Most of the genes that have been characterized so far were isolated through genetic screens using the locomotor activity rhythms of the adults as a circadian output. In addition, new techni...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00133-5
更新日期:2003-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::The electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the flicker-fusion frequencies of Rana lessonae, Bufo bufo and Bombina bombina over the temperature range 5-25°C. In all three species the fusion frequency increased with increasing temperature. In the intermediate range of temperatures, the fusion frequencies of Rana le...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(78)90017-7
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biobehavioural analysis of activity anorexia suggests that the motivation for physical activity is regulated by food supply and body weight. In the present experiment, food allocation was varied within subjects by prefeeding food-deprived rats 0, 5, 10 and 15 g of food before sessions of lever pressing for wheel-run...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.013
更新日期:2004-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::In dyads of adult male Gryllus bimaculatus, a dominance relationship is established at the first agonistic interaction between the two insects. The comparison of the aggressive behaviour displayed by adult males shows that field crickets act in an identical manner when confronted with an unfamiliar opponent or with on...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00765-6
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kin recognition requires the ability to discriminate between one's own genetic relatives and non-relatives. There are two mechanisms that aid in kin discrimination: phenotype matching and familiarity. Dogs may be a good model for assessing these mechanisms as dogs are a promiscuous social species with a keen sense of ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.08.004
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequential choice model (SCM) proposes that latencies to accept options presented alone can be used to predict preferences between these options when they are presented simultaneously. SCM has been proposed and tested in experiments where only two alternatives were present. To further challenge the model, we train...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.11.010
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodent urine provides animals with a large amount of information, from the identity of the animal through its physical condition to social status. Many studies therefore focus on rodent urine-marking behaviour and use marking frequency as an indicator of social status or competitive ability. However, marking, like man...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.01.004
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paw use on three tasks in 53 domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) was studied to determine whether the animals exhibited a significant paw preference, and, if so, to explore the direction and strength of the dogs' preferred paw use, both within, and between, tasks. The influence of the dogs' sex on their paw preferences w...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00161-4
更新日期:2003-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The depressive effects of noncontingent and explicitly unpaired food unconditioned stimuli (USs) and the recovery from those effects on autoshaped responding were examined in a series of experiments with pigeons. In Experiments 1 and 2, responding to a keylight conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with food was...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.005
更新日期:2007-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrasonic calls produced by three day old mice when separated from the nest mother and siblings increase in number when naloxone is injected. ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(85)90020-8
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the same set of individuals are placed in different social contexts, some groups members often experience a change in dominance status. We examined the context-dependence of social status using a group fusion protocol in male green swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri). Six individuals were matched for size and se...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.07.001
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most studies of mate choice have focused on female preference for male traits because it is generally assumed that since males provide less parental investment they are not choosy. However, if males suffer missed opportunity costs by mating with lower quality females, selection should favor males with the ability to d...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.05.001
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to compare the performance of a chimpanzee and humans on auditory-visual intermodal matching of conspecifics and non-conspecifics. The task consisted of matching vocal samples to facial images of the corresponding vocalizers. We tested the chimpanzee and human subjects with both chimpanzee a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.06.014
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many animal species hoard food by carrying it to their home area. In this experiment we evaluated the interaction between persistent (formalin) pain and food-hoarding behaviour. A food-hoarding apparatus, consisting of a home cage connected with an alley at the end of which were placed food pellets, was used to test (...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00021-6
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiment I used non-naive pigeons having previously performed on both keypecking and treadlepressing Fixed Interval schedules. In condition IT, treadlepressing was reinforced on successive Fixed Interval 60 seconds, Fixed Time 60 seconds and Fixed Interval 60 seconds schedules. Subsequently (condition IK), the same ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(85)90055-5
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether the development of spatial behaviour of the domestic chicken is influenced by light exposure of the embryo, as is known to be the case for some other lateralized visual functions. Ninety-six chicks were incubated in the dark or exposed to light during the final days of incubation. Half of the c...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.12.006
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals show various forms of behavioral thermoregulation to minimize cold stress. Given that higher dominance rank is often associated with increased fitness in group-living animals, higher-ranking individuals may also benefit from better access to thermally optimal spatial positions within huddles. This study examin...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104317
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this work was to study the effect of early weaning on alimentary preference for the macronutrients protein, carbohydrate and fat in adult rats. Male Wistar rat pups were weaned by separation from the mother at 15 (D15) or 30 (D30) days old. Body weight and food intake were measured every 30 days until...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.09.005
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We trained rats in a context discrimination paradigm by pairing a sucrose solution with lithium chloride in one context (conditioning context) and simple exposure to the same fluid in a second (neutral) context to establish a context-dependent aversion to the conditioned fluid. We then investigated whether transfer of...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.12.014
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor physical abilities of broilers may prevent them from performing behaviours for which they are motivated. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of physical ability and motivation on the performance of broilers in short physical tasks. We tested birds from a fast- and a slow-growing broiler strain in a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.015
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Three hens were trained to door push and three were trained to head bob using food as the reinforcer (Behaviour 1 training). A period of extinction followed. Each hen was then trained to perform the other behaviour (Behaviour 2) and this was followed by seven sessions of extinction. This whole sequence was repeated si...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00131-5
更新日期:2000-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Live trapping is an essential element of field ecological studies. However, the act of trapping provides two types of conditional benefits (food from the bait when hungry, and refuge from a predator when threatened) against one type of drawback (confinement). Our understanding of how animals assess the two benefits ag...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.09.007
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the first experiment, farmed blue foxes were allowed to choose for 1 week between four standard farm cages equipped with different floor materials: plastic-coated wire mesh, dry wood, dry sand and wet (summer) or icy (winter) sand. Resting consisted of 10-15 separate bouts/day occupying 50-60% of the total 24-h. Th...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(00)00079-6
更新日期:2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Group choice describes the behavioral phenomenon in which a group of individuals chooses between two behavioral alternatives over time and the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) [Acta Biotheor. 19 (1970) 16] describes group choice analogous to individual choice and the matching law. Our experiments investigated the usefuln...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00016-5
更新日期:2002-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Recourse to anthropomorphism, folk psychology, or discontinuist thought, in order to take into account the richness of animal cognitive processes and of their evolution, is of some heuristic value. However, in the absence of recognised criteria allowing the hypothesised behavioural discontinuities between species to b...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00042-9
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00