Portraying the unique contribution of the default mode network to internally driven mnemonic processes.

abstract：:Cerebellar granule cells grown in the presence of a serum complex differentiate but are resistant to the lethal action of excitatory amino acids. When these cells are grown also in the presence of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) they become fully susceptible to the toxic, lethal action of glutamate. The glutamate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calissano P,Ciotti MT,Battistini L,Zona C,Angelini A,Merlo D,Mercanti D

更新日期：1993-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The temperature dependence of migration rate and of the thermotactic sensitivity of pseudoplasmodia of Dictyostelium discoideum has been measured. Migration rate increases with temperature to 20 degrees, is temperature insensitive from 20 degrees to 27.5 degrees, and decreases with temperature to 29 degrees, above whi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poff KL,Skokut M

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are evolutionarily conserved regulators of social perception and behavior. Evidence is building that they are critically involved in the development of social recognition skills within rodent species, primates, and humans. We investigated whether common polymorphisms in the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skuse DH,Lori A,Cubells JF,Lee I,Conneely KN,Puura K,Lehtimäki T,Binder EB,Young LJ

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The A(2A)R is largely coexpressed with D(2)Rs and enkephalin mRNA in the striatum where it modulates dopaminergic activity. Activation of the A(2A)R antagonizes D(2)R-mediated behavioral and neurochemical effects in the basal ganglia through a mechanism that may involve direct A(2A)R-D(2)R interaction. However, whethe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen JF,Moratalla R,Impagnatiello F,Grandy DK,Cuellar B,Rubinstein M,Beilstein MA,Hackett E,Fink JS,Low MJ,Ongini E,Schwarzschild MA

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Stable isotope values of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N) in blood, feathers, eggshell, and bone have been used in seabird studies since the 1980s, providing a valuable source of information on diet, foraging patterns, and migratory behavior in these birds. These techniques can also be applied to fossil mater...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emslie SD,Patterson WP

更新日期：2007-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase was inhibited by oxolinic acid, a compound similar to but more potent than nalidixic acid and a known inhibitor of DNA replication in E. coli. The supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase purified from nalidixic acid-resistant mutant (nalA(R)) bacteria...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gellert M,Mizuuchi K,O'Dea MH,Itoh T,Tomizawa JI

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant mortality and birth rates are critical components of plant life history affecting the stability of plant populations and the ecosystems they form. Although allometric theory predicts that both plant birth and mortality rates should be size-dependent, this prediction has not yet been tested across plants ranging ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marbà N,Duarte CM,Agustí S

更新日期：2007-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Artificial two-dimensional biological habitats were prepared from porous polymer layers and inoculated with the fungus Penicillium roqueforti to provide a living material. Such composites of classical industrial ingredients and living microorganisms can provide a novel form of functional or smart materials with capabi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerber LC,Koehler FM,Grass RN,Stark WJ

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a two-member family of proteins (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) that mediates a diverse series of immune and inflammatory responses. These two proteins have only 26% amino acid homology yet bind to the same receptor. It is of importance to define the active sites of these molecules in order to under...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mosley B,Dower SK,Gillis S,Cosman D

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rotational strengths of the four longer wavelength transitions, B(2u), B(1u), and the two E(1u), of adenosine derivatives constrained in the syn form have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory combines a complete neglect of differential overlap version S (CNDO/S) description of the base wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles DW,Farmer M,Eyring H

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene function is typically evaluated by sampling the continuum of gene expression at only a few discrete points corresponding to gene knockout or overexpression. We argue that this characterization is incomplete and present a library of engineered promoters of varying strengths obtained through mutagenesis of a consti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alper H,Fischer C,Nevoigt E,Stephanopoulos G

更新日期：2005-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The theory presented here is based on results from in vitro experiments and deals with three proteins in the postsynaptic density/membrane-namely, calmodulin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. It is visualized that, in vivo in the polarized state of the membrane, cal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Siekevitz P

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Model organism studies have demonstrated that cell fate specification decisions play an important role in normal brain development. Their role in human neurodevelopmental disorders, however, is poorly understood, with very few examples described. The cerebellum is an excellent system to study mechanisms of cell fate s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Millen KJ,Steshina EY,Iskusnykh IY,Chizhikov VV

更新日期：2014-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the mouse brain has demonstrated that a brain-blood barrier exists at the microvascular endothelium in brain parenchyma but not in the median eminence of the hypothalamus. The brain-blood barrier is similar to the blood-brain barrier in that: tight junc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Broadwell RD,Balin BJ,Salcman M,Kaplan RS

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Androgen independence is responsible for most prostate cancer lethality, yet currently there are no effective clinical treatments. We have been investigating the mechanisms underlying androgen-independent prostate cancer in Nkx3.1;Pten mutant mice, which display salient features of the disease, including a requirement...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gao H,Ouyang X,Banach-Petrosky WA,Gerald WL,Shen MM,Abate-Shen C

更新日期：2006-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Citrullinemia is an inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of the urea cycle enzyme, argininosuccinate synthetase [L-citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.4.5]. The disease was first described in humans but was recently reported in dairy cattle in Australia. Here we report the nucleotide sequence o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dennis JA,Healy PJ,Beaudet AL,O'Brien WE

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monosynaptic excitatory connections between cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells were studied in dissociated cell cultures, and identification of the transmitter and the postsynaptic receptor at this synapse was pharmacologically investigated. The presynaptic granule cell and the postsynaptic Purkinje cell were volta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirano T,Hagiwara S

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred to as interphase material protected mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, L-1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. Furthermore, mice treated by this ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamensans A,Chedid L,Lederer E,Rosselet JP,Gustafson RH,Spencer HJ,Ludwig B,Berger FM

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The controversy over the interpretation of DNA profile evidence in forensic identification can be attributed in part to confusion over the mode(s) of statistical inference appropriate to this setting. Although there has been substantial discussion in the literature of, for example, the role of population genetics issu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balding DJ,Donnelly P

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Four macrocyclic cystine-knot peptides of 29-31 residues, kalata, circulin A and B (CirA and CirB), and cyclopsychotride, have been isolated from coffee plants but have undetermined physiological functions. These macrocycles and 10 of their analogs prepared by chemical synthesis were tested against nine strains of mic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tam JP,Lu YA,Yang JL,Chiu KW

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Sinorhizobium meliloti is an alpha-proteobacterium that forms agronomically important N(2)-fixing root nodules in legumes. We report here the complete sequence of the largest constituent of its genome, a 62.7% GC-rich 3,654,135-bp circular chromosome. Annotation allowed assignment of a function to 59% of the 3,341 pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Capela D,Barloy-Hubler F,Gouzy J,Bothe G,Ampe F,Batut J,Boistard P,Becker A,Boutry M,Cadieu E,Dréano S,Gloux S,Godrie T,Goffeau A,Kahn D,Kiss E,Lelaure V,Masuy D,Pohl T,Portetelle D,Pühler A,Purnelle B,Ramsper

更新日期：2001-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the structural and functional alterations of active lamellae during initial cell-cell collision and establishment of cell-cell contacts in wounded cultures of nontransformed rat epitheliocytes (IAR-2 line) and their ras-transformed descendants (C4 line). Typically, the leading edges of nontransformed c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gloushankova NA,Alieva NA,Krendel MF,Bonder EM,Feder HH,Vasiliev JM,Gelfand IM

更新日期：1997-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide cyclic di-3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) was recently identified as an essential and widespread second messenger in bacterial signaling. Among c-di-AMP-producing bacteria, altered nucleotide levels result in several physiological defects and attenuated virulence. Thus, a detailed molecular un...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huynh TN,Luo S,Pensinger D,Sauer JD,Tong L,Woodward JJ

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch-signaling pathway controls cellular differentiation, including proliferation and cell death in all higher metazoans (including flies and men). Signal transduction through activated Notch involves the CSL group of transcriptional regulators. Notch signals need to be tightly regulated, and in Drosophila they a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maier D,Nagel AC,Preiss A

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Intergroup conflict persists when and because individuals make costly contributions to their group's fighting capacity, but how groups organize contributions into effective collective action remains poorly understood. Here we distinguish between contributions aimed at subordinating out-groups (out-group aggression) fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Dreu CK,Gross J,Méder Z,Giffin M,Prochazkova E,Krikeb J,Columbus S

更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 1 in 10,000 female live births. The underlying cause of RTT is mutations in the X-linked gene, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2); however, the molecular mechanism by which these mutations mediate the RTT neuropathology remains enigmatic....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Osenberg S,Karten A,Sun J,Li J,Charkowick S,Felice CA,Kritzer M,Nguyen MVC,Yu P,Ballas N

更新日期：2018-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are known to have better virological responses to pegylated (Peg) IFN-based therapy than Western patients. Although IL28B gene polymorphisms may contribute to this difference, whether favorable hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics during treatment plays a role remains unclear....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu CS,Hsu SJ,Chen HC,Tseng TC,Liu CH,Niu WF,Jeng J,Liu CJ,Lai MY,Chen PJ,Kao JH,Chen DS

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides are postulated to disrupt microbial phospholipid membranes. The prevailing molecular model is based on the formation of stable or transient pores although the direct observation of the fundamental processes is lacking. By combining rational peptide design with topographical (atomic force microsc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rakowska PD,Jiang H,Ray S,Pyne A,Lamarre B,Carr M,Judge PJ,Ravi J,Gerling UI,Koksch B,Martyna GJ,Hoogenboom BW,Watts A,Crain J,Grovenor CR,Ryadnov MG

更新日期：2013-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In the developing CNS, Notch1 and its ligand, Jagged1, regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation, but their role in repair of demyelinating lesions in diseases such as multiple sclerosis remains unresolved. To address this question, we generated a mouse model in which we targeted Notch1 inactivatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Argaw AT,Gurfein BT,Zameer A,Snyder BJ,Ge C,Lu QR,Rowitch DH,Raine CS,Brosnan CF,John GR

更新日期：2009-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite significant infiltration into tumors and atherosclerotic plaques, the role of T lymphocytes in these pathological conditions is still unclear. We have demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and plaque-infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) produce heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peoples GE,Blotnick S,Takahashi K,Freeman MR,Klagsbrun M,Eberlein TJ

更新日期：1995-07-03 00:00:00