Human hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone levels are linked to emotion and social interaction.

Abstract:

:The neurochemical changes underlying human emotions and social behaviour are largely unknown. Here we report on the changes in the levels of two hypothalamic neuropeptides, hypocretin-1 and melanin-concentrating hormone, measured in the human amygdala. We show that hypocretin-1 levels are maximal during positive emotion, social interaction and anger, behaviours that induce cataplexy in human narcoleptics. In contrast, melanin-concentrating hormone levels are minimal during social interaction, but are increased after eating. Both peptides are at minimal levels during periods of postoperative pain despite high levels of arousal. Melanin-concentrating hormone levels increase at sleep onset, consistent with a role in sleep induction, whereas hypocretin-1 levels increase at wake onset, consistent with a role in wake induction. Levels of these two peptides in humans are not simply linked to arousal, but rather to specific emotions and state transitions. Other arousal systems may be similarly emotionally specialized.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Blouin AM,Fried I,Wilson CL,Staba RJ,Behnke EJ,Lam HA,Maidment NT,Karlsson KÆ,Lapierre JL,Siegel JM

doi

10.1038/ncomms2461

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-01-01 00:00:00

pages

1547

issn

2041-1723

pii

ncomms2461

journal_volume

4

pub_type

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