Plasticity within the αβ⁺CD4⁺ T-cell lineage: when, how and what for?

abstract：:Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a promising cancer drug target as a molecular chaperone critical for stabilization and activation of several of the oncoproteins that drive cancer progression. Its actions depend upon its essential ATPase, an activity fortuitously inhibited with a very high degree of selectivity by nat...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Piper PW,Millson SH

更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) are currently not clinically available for disease diagnosis or analysis of disease progression. If identified, biomarkers could improve patient outcomes by enabling early intervention and assist in the determination of treatment efficacy. We ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Banack SA,Dunlop RA,Cox PA

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is routinely used to ascertain gene function, but also has potential as a technology to control pest species. For some insects, such as beetles, ingestion of small quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is able to knock down a targeted gene's expression. However, in other species,...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Tayler A,Heschuk D,Giesbrecht D,Park JY,Whyard S

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the widespread use of avermectins (AVMs) for managing parasitic and agricultural pests, the resistance of worms and insects to AVMs has emerged as a serious threat to human health and agriculture worldwide. The reduced penetration of AVMs is one of the main reasons for the development of the resistance to the che...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Chen LP,Wang P,Sun YJ,Wu YJ

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell identity is established by the expression of a clonotypic T-cell receptor (TCR), generated by somatic rearrangement of TCRα and β genes. The properties of the TCR determine both the degree of self-reactivity and the repertoire of antigens that can be recognized. For CD8 T cells, the relationship between TCR ide...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Swee LK,Tan ZW,Sanecka A,Yoshida N,Patel H,Grotenbreg G,Frickel EM,Ploegh HL

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current ageing theories are far from satisfactory because of the many determinants involved in ageing. The well-known rate-of-living theory assumes that the product (lifetime energy expenditure, LEE) of maximum lifespan (MLS) and mass-specific basal metabolic rate (msBMR) is approximately constant. Although this theor...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kitazoe Y,Hasegawa M,Tanaka M,Futami M,Futami J

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, the testis-specific bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein BRDT is essential for spermatogenesis. In Drosophila, it was recently reported that the tBRD-1 protein is similarly required for male fertility. Interestingly, however, tBRD-1 has two conserved bromodomains in its N-terminus but it lacks an e...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kimura S,Loppin B

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hallmark of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-related carcinogenesis is E6 and E7 oncogene overexpression. The aim of this work was to characterize epithelial oral and cervical cancer cells that express HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Transcriptomic assay using DNA microarrays revealed that PIR gene expressio...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Carrillo D,Muñoz JP,Huerta H,Leal G,Corvalán A,León O,Calaf GM,Urzúa U,Boccardo E,Tapia JC,Aguayo F

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections are typically lifelong, with small numbers of parasites surviving in restricted tissue sites, which include the gastrointestinal tract. There is considerable debate about the replicative status of these persistent parasites and whether there is a role for dormancy in long-term infe...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Ward AI,Olmo F,Atherton RL,Taylor MC,Kelly JM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In most animals, the bulk of sperm DNA is packaged with sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), a diverse group of highly basic chromosomal proteins notably comprising mammalian protamines. The replacement of histones with SNBPs during spermiogenesis allows sperm DNA to reach an extreme level of compaction, but little i...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kimura S,Loppin B

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated cataract risk after radiation exposure was established soon after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. Today, increased cataract incidence among medical imaging practitioners and after nuclear incidents has highlighted how little is still understood about the biological responses of the lens to low-dose ionizing ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Markiewicz E,Barnard S,Haines J,Coster M,van Geel O,Wu W,Richards S,Ainsbury E,Rothkamm K,Bouffler S,Quinlan RA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutrient fluctuations in the cellular environment promote changes in cell metabolism and growth to adapt cell proliferation accordingly. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling network plays a key role in the coordination of growth and cell proliferation with the nutrient environment and, importantly, nutrient limita...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Lie S,Banks P,Lawless C,Lydall D,Petersen J

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer is considered a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells and is propelled by somatic mutations. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of enzymes are endogenous sources of somatic mutations found in multiple human cancers. Wh...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Granadillo Rodríguez M,Flath B,Chelico L

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myzozoans (which include dinoflagellates, chromerids and apicomplexans) display notable divergence from their ciliate sister group, including a reduced mitochondrial genome and divergent metabolic processes. The factors contributing to these divergent processes are still poorly understood and could serve as potential ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Klug D,Mair GR,Frischknecht F,Douglas RG

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, has evolved to scavenge nutrients from the confined environment of host macrophages with mycobacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters playing a key role in nutrient acquisition. Mtb-UspC (Rv2318) is the solute-binding protein of the ess...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fullam E,Prokes I,Fütterer K,Besra GS

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical centrioles are made of microtubules organized in ninefold symmetry. Most animal somatic cells have two centrioles for normal cell division and function. These centrioles originate from the zygote, but because the oocyte does not provide any centrioles, it is surprising that the zygotes of many animals are thou...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Fishman EL,Jo K,Ha A,Royfman R,Zinn A,Krishnamurthy M,Avidor-Reiss T

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic vesicle exocytosis relies on the tethering of release ready vesicles close to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and specific lipids at the future site of fusion. This enables rapid and efficient neurotransmitter secretion during presynaptic depolarization by an action potential. Extensive research has revealed that...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Held RG,Kaeser PS

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Epichromatin', the surface of chromatin beneath the interphase nuclear envelope (NE) or at the surface of mitotic chromosomes, was discovered by immunostaining with a specific bivalent mouse monoclonal anti-nucleosome antibody (mAb PL2-6). 'Chromomeres', punctate chromatin particles approximately 200-300 nm in diamet...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Olins DE,Olins AL

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and n...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Llinàs-Arias P,Esteller M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most animals have separate sexes. The differential expression of gene products, in particular that of gene regulators, is underlying sexual dimorphism. Analyses of sex-biased expression have focused mostly on protein-coding genes. Several lines of evidence indicate that microRNAs, a class of major gene regulators, are...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Marco A

更新日期：2014-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in aggregates called Lewy bodies. Several mutated genes have been found in familial PD patients, including SNCA (α-synuclein), PARK2 (parkin), PINK...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Im E,Yoo L,Hyun M,Shin WH,Chung KC

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic regions with repeated sequences are unstable and prone to rapid DNA diversification. However, the role of tandem repeats within the coding region is not fully characterized. Here, we have identified a new hypervariable C-type lectin gene family with different numbers of tandem repeats (Rlecs; R means repeat) i...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Huang Y,Huang X,Zhou X,Wang J,Zhang R,Ma F,Wang K,Zhang Z,Dai X,Cao X,Zhang C,Han K,Ren Q

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structures of F-ATPases have been determined predominantly with mitochondrial enzymes, but hitherto no F-ATPase has been crystallized intact. A high-resolution model of the bovine enzyme built up from separate sub-structures determined by X-ray crystallography contains about 85% of the entire complex, but it lacks...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Morales-Rios E,Watt IN,Zhang Q,Ding S,Fearnley IM,Montgomery MG,Wakelam MJ,Walker JE

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant serum immunoglobulin and has the longest serum half-life of all the antibody classes. The European rabbit IgG has been of significant importance in immunological research, and is therefore well characterized. However, the IgG of other leporids has been disregarded. To evaluate...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Pinheiro A,Woof JM,Almeida T,Abrantes J,Alves PC,Gortázar C,Esteves PJ

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ThyX is an essential thymidylate synthase that is mechanistically and structurally unrelated to the functionally analogous human enzyme, thus providing means for selective inhibition of bacterial growth. To identify novel compounds with anti-bacterial activity against the human pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Skouloubris S,Djaout K,Lamarre I,Lambry JC,Anger K,Briffotaux J,Liebl U,de Reuse H,Myllykallio H

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first meeting exclusively dedicated to the 'High-throughput dense reconstruction of cell lineages' took place at Janelia Research Campus (Howard Hughes Medical Institute) from 14 to 18 April 2019. Organized by Tzumin Lee, Connie Cepko, Jorge Garcia-Marques and Isabel Espinosa-Medina, this meeting echoed the recent...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Espinosa-Medina I,Garcia-Marques J,Cepko C,Lee T

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) leads to an aberrant function of the enzyme, leading to the production of hydroxyglutarate, as well as changes in cellular metabolism, DNA methylation and histone modification. Previous studies uncovered mutations in IDH1 in several malignancies, with the most frequent mutati...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Yan B,Hu Y,Ma T,Wang Y

更新日期：2018-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side ch...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Kinoshita T

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gating of AMPA- and kainate-selective ionotropic glutamate receptors can be defined in terms of ligand affinity, efficacy and the rate and extent of desensitization. Crucial insights into all three elements have come from structural studies of the ligand-binding domain (LBD). In particular, binding-cleft closure is as...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Nayeem N,Mayans O,Green T

更新日期：2013-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The range of biological outcomes generated by many signalling proteins in development and homeostasis is increased by their interactions with glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulfate (HS). This interaction controls the localization and movement of these signalling proteins, but whether such control depends on ...

journal_title：Open biology

authors： Sun C,Marcello M,Li Y,Mason D,Lévy R,Fernig DG

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00