Antibodies against membrane interleukin 1 alpha activate accessory cells to stimulate proliferation of T lymphocytes.

abstract：:Rad51 is a core component of the eukaryotic homologous recombination machinery and is responsible for key mechanistic steps during strand invasion. Higher order oligomers of Rad51 display a remarkable degree of structural variation, forming rings, compressed filaments, and elongated filaments. It is unclear whether Ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robertson RB,Moses DN,Kwon Y,Chan P,Chi P,Klein H,Sung P,Greene EC

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Atherosclerosis is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of multiple genes. We have used the Ldlr knockout mouse model in an interspecific genetic cross to map atherosclerosis susceptibility loci. A total of 174 (MOLF/Ei x B6.129S7-Ldlr(tm1Her)) x C57BL/6J-Ldlr(tm1Her) backcross mice, homozygous for the Ldl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Welch CL,Bretschger S,Latib N,Bezouevski M,Guo Y,Pleskac N,Liang CP,Barlow C,Dansky H,Breslow JL,Tall AR

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological realm has inherited symmetries from the physicochemical realm, but with the increasing complexity at higher phenomenological levels of life, some inherited symmetries are broken while novel symmetries appear. These symmetries are of two types, structural and operational. Biological novelties result from...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： García-Bellido A

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:For almost a century the plant hormone auxin has been central to theories on apical dominance, whereby the growing shoot tip suppresses the growth of the axillary buds below. According to the classic model, the auxin indole-3-acetic acid is produced in the shoot tip and transported down the stem, where it inhibits bud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mason MG,Ross JJ,Babst BA,Wienclaw BN,Beveridge CA

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated and determined the sequence of a genomic clone containing the gene for a human class I transplantation antigen. The gene contains seven exons. The first five exons code respectively for a signal peptide, for the first, second, and third extracellular domains of the protein molecule, and for the transm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malissen M,Malissen B,Jordan BR

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A debate has recently surfaced concerning the degree of precommitment attained by alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell precursors prior to T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. It has been suggested that precursors may be precommitted to rearrange either alpha or delta genes, but not both, thus giving rise to alpha b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson SD,Pelkonen J,Hurwitz JL

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluoxetine (Prozac) inhibited the membrane currents elicited by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) in Xenopus oocytes expressing either cloned 5HT2C receptors or 5HT receptors encoded by rat cortex mRNA. Responses of 5HT2C receptors, elicited by nM concentrations of 5HT, were rapidly and reversibly blocked by microm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ni YG,Miledi R

更新日期：1997-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of dystrophin and its associated proteins in normal muscle function is now well established. Many of these proteins are expressed in nonmuscle tissues, particularly the brain. Here we describe the characterization of beta-dystrobrevin, a dystrophin-related protein that is abundantly expressed in brain a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blake DJ,Nawrotzki R,Loh NY,Górecki DC,Davies KE

更新日期：1998-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription, splicing, and translation are potentially coordinately regulatable in a temporospatial-dependent manner, although supporting experimental evidence for this notion is scarce. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a mammary gland cDNA library with human p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) as bait identified polyC-RNA-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meng Q,Rayala SK,Gururaj AE,Talukder AH,O'Malley BW,Kumar R

更新日期：2007-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a given tRNA molecule was established in evolution before its cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The earlier appearance of tRNA versus their metabolically related enzymes is a prediction of the RNA world theory, but the available synthetase and tRNA sequences pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ribas de Pouplana L,Turner RJ,Steer BA,Schimmel P

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Solvent additives (cosolvents, osmolytes) modulate biochemical reactions if, during the course of the reaction, there is a change in preferential interactions of solvent components with the reacting system. Preferential interactions can be expressed in terms of preferential binding of the cosolvent or its preferential...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timasheff SN

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In Xenopus oocytes injected with rat brain mRNA, as in neurons, glycine greatly potentiated responses of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of excitatory amino acid receptor. Injected oocytes generated a partially desensitizing inward current in response to NMDA with 30 nM added glycine. As the added glycine concent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerma J,Zukin RS,Bennett MV

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are evolutionarily conserved regulators of social perception and behavior. Evidence is building that they are critically involved in the development of social recognition skills within rodent species, primates, and humans. We investigated whether common polymorphisms in the g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skuse DH,Lori A,Cubells JF,Lee I,Conneely KN,Puura K,Lehtimäki T,Binder EB,Young LJ

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence decay functions of individual, specifically labeled tRNAPhe molecules exhibit nonexponential character as a result of conformational dynamics occurring during the measurement on a single molecule. tRNAPhe conformational states that interchange much more slowly are evidenced by the distribution of life...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jia Y,Sytnik A,Li L,Vladimirov S,Cooperman BS,Hochstrasser RM

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular localization of phytochrome was seen in dark-grown oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) and rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. unknown) shoots after various light treatments using an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase antibody labeling method. Phytochrome is generally distributed throughout the cytoplasm in cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mackenzie JM Jr,Coleman RA,Briggs WR,Pratt LH

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has demonstrated a role for the E2F1 gene product in signaling apoptosis, both as a result of the deregulation of the Rb/E2F pathway as well as in response to DNA damage. We now show that the ability of cells to suppress the apoptotic potential of E2F1, as might occur during the course of normal cellular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hallstrom TC,Nevins JR

更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified preparations of rabbit skeletal white, red, and cardiac muscle myosin (WM, RM, and CM) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant differences in both the molecular weights and number of light chains in these myosins were found. WM has three distinct light-chain co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar S,Sreter FA,Gergely J

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) promotes the acquisition of the cholinergic phenotype in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) during development and protects these neurons from cholinergic dedifferentiation following axotomy when administered in vivo. A decline in BFCN function occurs in patients with Alzhei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burke RM,Norman TA,Haydar TF,Slack BE,Leeman SE,Blusztajn JK,Mellott TJ

更新日期：2013-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA), a compound generated during tryptophan metabolism initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, is known to induce T cell death, but its molecular target is not known. Here we report that HAA inhibits NF-kappaB activation upon T cell antigen receptor engagement by specifically targeting PD...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hayashi T,Mo JH,Gong X,Rossetto C,Jang A,Beck L,Elliott GI,Kufareva I,Abagyan R,Broide DH,Lee J,Raz E

更新日期：2007-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles are increasingly used in various fields, including biomedicine and electronics. One application utilizes the opacifying effect of nano-TiO(2), which is frequently used as pigment in cosmetics. Although TiO(2) is believed to be biologically inert, an emerging literature reports increased incidence of resp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yazdi AS,Guarda G,Riteau N,Drexler SK,Tardivel A,Couillin I,Tschopp J

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the core features of human speech is that words cause listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. However, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when encoun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki TN

更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The central administration of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor, C75, rapidly suppresses the expression of orexigenic neuropeptides [neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP)] and activates expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides [proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Z,Cha SH,van Haasteren G,Wang J,Lane MD

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells interacting with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) form an "immunological synapse" (IS), a bull's-eye pattern composed of a central supramolecular activation cluster enriched with T cell receptors (TCRs) surrounded by a ring of adhesion molecules (a peripheral supramolecular activation cluster). The mechanism re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaizuka Y,Douglass AD,Varma R,Dustin ML,Vale RD

更新日期：2007-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal cell walls and fragments thereof (elicitors) induce the formation of low and high molecular weight defense compounds in plant cell suspension cultures. This induced synthesis requires a signal molecule transmitting the message between the elicitor plant cell wall receptor and gene activation. We demonstrate in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mueller MJ,Brodschelm W,Spannagl E,Zenk MH

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The remarkable strength of glasses is examined using the random first order transition theory of the glass transition. The theory predicts that strength depends on elastic modulus but also on the configurational energy frozen in when the glass is prepared. The stress catalysis of cooperative rearrangements of the type...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wisitsorasak A,Wolynes PG

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Esterase 6 is a polymorphic carboxylesterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) localized to the reproductive tract of male Drosophila melanogaster and transferred to females at copulation. The reproductive fitness of males is strongly affected by temperature and the esterase 6 alleles (active versus null) that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gilbert DG,Richmond RC

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells that have been immunized to express optimal levels of contact hypersensitivity upon adoptive transfer to normal animals can be inhibited from doing so by incubating them with an antigen-specific T suppressor factor. This factor is composed of at least two subunits which come from cells expressing different Ly ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ptak W,Rosenstein RW,Gershon RK

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stem cells divide and differentiate to form all of the specialized cell types in a multicellular organism. In the Arabidopsis root, stem cells are maintained in an undifferentiated state by a less mitotically active population of cells called the quiescent center (QC). Determining how the QC regulates the surrounding ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark NM,Fisher AP,Berckmans B,Van den Broeck L,Nelson EC,Nguyen TT,Bustillo-Avendaño E,Zebell SG,Moreno-Risueno MA,Simon R,Gallagher KL,Sozzani R

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Using short-term cultures of hamster embryo cells, we have examined the effects of the free-radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) and the enzyme catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogenperoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) on x-ray- and bleomycin-induced transformation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Borek C,Troll W

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider many-body problems in classical mechanics where a wide range of time scales limits what can be computed. We apply the method of optimal prediction to obtain equations that are easier to solve numerically. We demonstrate by examples that optimal prediction can reduce the amount of computation needed to obta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kast AP

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00