Abstract:
:The skin represents an important barrier for pathogens and is known to produce fatty acids that are toxic toward gram-positive bacteria. A screen of fatty acids as growth inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus revealed structure-specific antibacterial activity. Fatty acids like oleate (18:1Δ9) were nontoxic, whereas palmitoleate (16:1Δ9) was a potent growth inhibitor. Cells treated with 16:1Δ9 exhibited rapid membrane depolarization, the disruption of all major branches of macromolecular synthesis, and the release of solutes and low-molecular-weight proteins into the medium. Other cytotoxic lipids, such as glycerol ethers, sphingosine, and acyl-amines blocked growth by the same mechanisms. Nontoxic 18:1Δ9 was used for phospholipid synthesis, whereas toxic 16:1Δ9 was not and required elongation to 18:1Δ11 prior to incorporation. However, blocking fatty acid metabolism using inhibitors to prevent acyl-acyl carrier protein formation or glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase activity did not increase the toxicity of 18:1Δ9, indicating that inefficient metabolism did not play a determinant role in fatty acid toxicity. Nontoxic 18:1Δ9 was as toxic as 16:1Δ9 in a strain lacking wall teichoic acids and led to growth arrest and enhanced release of intracellular contents. Thus, wall teichoic acids contribute to the structure-specific antimicrobial effects of unsaturated fatty acids. The ability of poorly metabolized 16:1 isomers to penetrate the cell wall defenses is a weakness that has been exploited by the innate immune system to combat S. aureus.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Parsons JB,Yao J,Frank MW,Jackson P,Rock COdoi
10.1128/JB.00743-12subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-10-01 00:00:00pages
5294-304issue
19eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00743-12journal_volume
194pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The DNA sequence of the central regulatory locus vir of Bordetella pertussis predicts that three gene products, BvgA, BvgB, and BvgC, are encoded. Features of the predicted primary structures of these proteins and their homology to other two-component systems suggest that BvgA is located in the cytoplasm, BvgB is loca...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/jb.173.14.4288-4296.1991
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/JB.103.1.49-54.1970
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
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doi:10.1128/jb.174.20.6580-6589.1992
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.4.882-890.2000
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.146.3.928-936.1981
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.176.9.2517-2524.1994
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.24.7254-7259.1996
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.89.3.583-588.1965
更新日期:1965-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-10-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.12.5808-5814.1987
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.20.6488-6494.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.16.4948-4957.1996
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.132.2.419-425.1977
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.132.3.1031-1033.1977
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.151.2.1056-1058.1982
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00690-18
更新日期:2019-04-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.12.6841-6848.1990
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.167.2.455-461.1986
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.160.3.1204-1206.1984
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The O-repeating unit of the Escherichia coli O7-specific lipopolysaccharide is made of galactose, mannose, rhamnose, 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxyglucose, and N-acetyglucosamine. We have recently characterized the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the sugar precursor GDP-mannose occurring in the E. coli O7:K1 strain VW1...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.19.5539-5546.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.154.3.1315-1322.1983
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00