Abstract:
:Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause worldwide of human mortality attributable to a single infectious agent. Recent studies targeting candidate genes and "case-control" association have revealed numerous polymorphisms implicated in host susceptibility to TB. Here, we review current progress in the understanding of causative polymorphisms in host innate immune genes associated with TB pathogenesis. We discuss genes encoding several types of proteins: macrophage receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR, CD206), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2, CD14, P2X7, and the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR); soluble C-type lectins, such as surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL); phagocyte cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18; chemokines, such as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and CXCL10; and other important innate immune molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier protein 11A1 (SLC11A1). Polymorphisms in these genes have been variably associated with susceptibility to TB among different populations. This apparent variability is probably accounted for by evolutionary selection pressure as a result of long-term host-pathogen interactions in certain regions or populations and, in part, by lack of proper study design and limited knowledge of molecular and functional effects of the implicated genetic variants. Finally, we discuss genomic technologies that hold promise for resolving questions regarding the evolutionary paths of the human genome, functional effects of polymorphisms, and corollary impacts of adaptation on human health, ultimately leading to novel approaches to controlling TB.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Azad AK,Sadee W,Schlesinger LSdoi
10.1128/IAI.00443-12subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-10-01 00:00:00pages
3343-59issue
10eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522pii
IAI.00443-12journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae infections of the lung are associated with significant damage to the alveolar epithelium. Host phagocytes and pneumolysin, a cytolytic toxin of S. pneumoniae, are believed to contribute to this cellular damage, yet experiments in which these elements are absent demonstrate the presence of an a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4392-4397.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of various strains of rats to produce interferon in response to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytodilic acid was investigated. ACI and DA (RT-1a), BN (RT-1n), Buffalo (RT-1b), August (RT-1c), and GH (RT-1l) strains produced low levels of interferon in response to intraperitoneal administration of polyriboinosin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.43.2.580-583.1984
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that can survive and multiply inside macrophages. One of the mechanisms by which B. pseudomallei escapes macrophage killing is by interfering with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, the bacterial components...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.00285-07
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an in vitro culture method to characterize the expression of bacterial genes under conditions mimicking the colonic environment. Our culture system (the intestinal simulator) comprised a continuous-flow anaerobic culture which was inoculated with fecal samples from healthy volunteers. As a test organism, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.7.3793-3802.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular resistance to facultative intracellular parasites has been studied by determining the antimycobacterial activity and the amount of fatty acids in sera and in heptane extracts of freshly collected and 24-h-cultured normal and activated guinea pig alveolar macrophages and liver cells. The quantity and the antim...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.1.170-177.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with mucosal inflammation. The aim of the present study was to assess human neutrophil and monocyte activation by H. pylori strains obtained from patients with different clinical presentations. Bacterial sonicates from 12 strains were used to stimulate phagocyte upre...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.6.3171-3174.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complement system plays a key role in resistance to cryptococcosis. In the present study, we examined several factors that influence the binding of C3 cleavage fragments to Cryptococcus neoformans. Binding of C3 was determined by using normal human serum supplemented with 125I-labeled C3. Incubation of encapsulate...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.52.1.1-5.1986
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin binding proteins are one of several pathogenicity factors which have been associated with invasive disease caused by group A streptococci. The surface-bound M and M-like proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes are the most characterized of these immunoglobulin binding proteins, and in most cases they bind on...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.8.4851-4857.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoke exposure increases the risk of pulmonary and invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly isolated organism from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Despite this association, the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke exposure diminishes host defense against S. pneumon...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.00963-09
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.9.5443-5446.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is produced in response to circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes to the lethality of endotoxic shock. To address the cellular source of IFN-gamma production in vivo, T cells and B cells were magnetically purified from C57BL/6 mouse spleens 5 h following endotoxin injection. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.10.4244-4249.1994
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are chromosomal clusters of pathogen-specific virulence genes often found at tRNA loci. In the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 32777 chromosome, we characterized a 98-kb segment that has all of the characteristic features of a PAI, including insertion in a (phenylalanine) tRNA gene, the presen...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.8.4784-4790.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms for acquisition of iron by Haemophilus influenzae and their role in pathogenesis are not known. Heme and nonheme sources of iron were evaluated for their effect on growth of type b and nontypable strains of H. influenzae in an iron-restricted, defined medium. All 13 strains acquired iron from heme, hemo...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.4.721-725.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms linking the immune response to cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (CL and ML, respectively) lesions and the response to treatment are incompletely understood. Our aims were to prospectively assess, by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, the levels of mRNA for gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01513-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suppression of T-cell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by serum from mice acutely with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was investigated. Spleen cells from uninfected mice were exposed to concanavalin A in the presence of serum taken from mice at various times after infection with MCMV. The capacity of the serum...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.17.2.378-381.1977
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen of increasing medical importance with a propensity to be multidrug resistant, thereby making treatment challenging. Little is known of virulence traits in A. baumannii. To identify virulence factors and potential drug targets, random transposon (Tn) mutants derived from the A. bau...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00366-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of the serum opsonin mannan-binding lectin (MBL) were directly correlated with the probability of developing visceral leishmaniasis. Monocytes infected with MBL-opsonized Leishmania chagasi promastigotes secreted higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 than cells infected with nonopsonize...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.8.5212-5215.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.74.4.2402-2414.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tetraspanins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins with diverse functions and can form extended microdomains within the plasma membrane in conjunction with partner proteins, which probably includes receptors for bacterial adhesins. Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease, attache...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01354-10
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1128/IAI.01079-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::UV-inactivated Sendai virus is mitogenic for murine splenocytes, whereas infectious Sendai virus kills spleen cells in vitro. The isolated hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of Sendai virus are also mitogenic for cultured mouse spleen cells. A mixture of these glycoproteins (1 microgram/well...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.2.592-600.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sephadex G-200 filtration was used for fractionating dengue type 2 (DEN-2)-infected suckling mouse brain (SMB) supernatant fluids. The high-molecular-weight fraction, which was eluted in the void volume, showed no increase in type specificity when tested against immune ascitic fluid to the four prototype dengue viruse...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.6.6.952-957.1972
更新日期:1972-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brucella spp. are intracellular bacteria that cause the most frequent zoonosis in the world. Although recent work has advanced the field of Brucella vaccine development, there remains no safe human vaccine. In order to produce a safe and effective human vaccine, the immune response to Brucella spp. requires greater un...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00994-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CS31A is a K88-related capsule-like surface protein that mediates Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae adhesion to the human Caco-2 and Intestine-407 cell lines. In this study, we demonstrate that ClpG, the major subunit of CS31A, contains the adhesive domain of the polymerized structure. We mapped this domain w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.2.609-616.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we have investigated the evolution and impact on virulence of a 350-kb genomic duplication present in the most recently evolved members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis East Asian lineage. In a mouse model of infection, comparing HN878 subclones HN878-27 (no duplication) and HN878-45 (with the 3...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01791-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strains Inaba 569B and Ogawa B1307 of Vibrio cholerae were grown in shaken Casamino Acids-yeast extract-glucose medium at 30 and 37 C for 4 days. Time courses of production of neuraminidase (NM), mucinase (MC), proteinase (PR), lytic factor (LF), and vascular permeability factor (PF) were compared by examining culture...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus mutans produces several enzymes which metabolize sucrose. Three glucosyltransferase genes (gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) and a single fructosyltransferase gene (ftf) encode enzymes which are important in formation of exopolysaccharides. Mutants of S. mutans V403 carrying single and multiple mutations of the gtfB...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.7.2316-2323.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The group R streptococcal group antigen has been shown to be a polysaccharide located at the surface of the cell wall of the organism. The antigen was extracted from cell walls in 0.05 n HCl or 5% trichloracetic acid at 100 C, from whole cells at room temperature in 0.85% NaCl or 0.1 m acetate (pH 5.0), and by sonic o...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.5.1.91-97.1972
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major ceramide monohexoside (CMH) was purified from lipidic extracts of Cryptococcus neoformans. This molecule was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The cryptococcal CMH is a beta-glucosylcer...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.12.7049-7060.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00