Abstract:
:The reliable detection of airborne biological threat agents depends on several factors, including the performance criteria of the detector and its operational environment. One step in improving the detector's performance is to increase our knowledge of the biological aerosol background in potential operational environments. Subway stations are enclosed public environments, which may be regarded as potential targets for incidents involving biological threat agents. In this study, the airborne bacterial community at a subway station in Norway was characterized (concentration level, diversity, and virulence- and survival-associated properties). In addition, a SASS 3100 high-volume air sampler and a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based isolate screening procedure was used for these studies. The daytime level of airborne bacteria at the station was higher than the nighttime and outdoor levels, and the relative bacterial spore number was higher in outdoor air than at the station. The bacterial content, particle concentration, and size distribution were stable within each environment throughout the study (May to September 2010). The majority of the airborne bacteria belonged to the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus, but a total of 37 different genera were identified in the air. These results suggest that anthropogenic sources are major contributors to airborne bacteria at subway stations and that such airborne communities could harbor virulence- and survival-associated properties of potential relevance for biological detection and surveillance, as well as for public health. Our findings also contribute to the development of realistic testing and evaluation schemes for biological detection/surveillance systems by providing information that can be used to mimic real-life operational airborne environments in controlled aerosol test chambers.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Dybwad M,Granum PE,Bruheim P,Blatny JMdoi
10.1128/AEM.07212-11subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
1917-29issue
6eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.07212-11journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three 16S rRNA hybridization probes were developed and tested for genus-specific detection of Bifidobacterium species in the human fecal flora. Variable regions V2, V4, and V8 of the 16S rRNA contained sequences unique to this genus and proved applicable as target sites for oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Determination o...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.8.3069-3075.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method was developed to deposit Bacillus subtilis spores via aerosolization onto various surface materials for biological agent decontamination and detection studies. This new method uses an apparatus coupled with a metered dose inhaler to reproducibly deposit spores onto various surfaces. A metered dose inhaler was...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02237-10
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food-borne hepatitis A outbreaks may be prevented by subjecting foods at risk of virus contamination to moderate treatments of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). A pretreatment promoting hepatitis A virus (HAV) capsid-folding changes enhances the virucidal effect of HHP, indicating that its efficacy depends on capsid co...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01693-14
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Air drying of raw sludge caused inactivation of indigenous viruses. A gradual loss of infectivity occurred with the loss of water until the solids content reached about 80%. A more rapid decline of viral infectivity occurred with further dewatering. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.6.1943-1945.1983
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Algal biofuels represent one of the most promising means of sustainably replacing liquid fuels. However, significant challenges remain before alga-based fuels become competitive with fossil fuels. One of the largest challenges is the ability to harvest the algae in an economical and low-energy manner. In this article,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01496-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe intoxications caused by the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin cereulide can hardly be prevented due to the ubiquitous distribution and heat resistance of spores and the extreme thermal and chemical stability of cereulide. It would therefore be desirable to inhibit cereulide synthesis during food manufacturing proces...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02259-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trench leachate samples collected anoxically from shallow-land, low-level radioactive waste disposal sites were analyzed for total aerobic and anaerobic populations, sulfate reducers, denitrifiers, and methanogens. Among the several aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated, only Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Citrobact...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.1.108-113.1980
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first study to characterize the environmental conditions which contribute to the presence and proliferation of environmental mycobacteria in a major freshwater river. Over 20 different species of environmental mycobacteria were isolated, including the pathogenic M. avium and M. kansasii. Species of the rap...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5719-5727.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) are produced by many Pseudomonas species and have several biological functions, including a role in surface motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and antimicrobial activity. This study focused on the diversity and role of LuxR-type transcriptional regulators in CLP biosynthesis in Pseudomo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00575-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3 degrades 4(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-phenol and unidentified metabolites that were described previously. The chromatographic analyses of the synthesized reference compound and the metabolites led to their identification as 2(3',5'-dimethyl-3'-heptyl)-1,4-benzenediol. This finding indicate...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.11.6897-6900.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola exhibited very high susceptibility to ambruticin VS4 and to a lesser extent to the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil. These compounds are both derived from natural bacterial metabolites with antifungal properties and are thought to exert their toxicity by...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00993-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellulosilyticum ruminicola H1 is a newly described bacterium isolated from yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and is characterized by its ability to grow on a variety of hemicelluloses and degrade cellulosic materials. In this study, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of C. ruminicola H1 and observed a comprehensive set...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03124-09
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that is recognized as the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis. The widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and in animal husbandry has led to an increased incidence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter In addition to a role in multidrug resistance (MDR),...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01600-17
更新日期:2017-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we successfully cloned a d-cycloserine (d-CS) biosynthetic gene cluster consisting of 10 open reading frames (designated dcsA to dcsJ) from d-CS-producing Streptomyces lavendulae ATCC 11924. In this study, we put four d-CS biosynthetic genes (dcsC, dcsD, dcsE, and dcsG) in tandem under the control of the T...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02187-15
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) is an ecologically, medically, and industrially important enzyme. It is widespread in all three domains of life, the archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. PYC catalyzes ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. Detailed structure-function studies of this enzyme have been hampered du...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01564-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrene is a regulated pollutant at sites contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is mineralized by some bacteria but is also transformed to nonmineral products by a variety of other PAH-degrading bacteria. We examined the formation of such products by four bacterial strains and identified and furt...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.5.1917-1922.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaerobic methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) degradation potential was investigated in samples from a range of sources. From these 22 experimental variations, only one source (from wastewater treatment plant samples) exhibited MTBE degradation. These microcosms were methanogenic and were subjected to DNA-based stable isot...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.07253-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:In the summer of 2010, Vibrio parahaemolyticus caused an outbreak in Maryland linked to the consumption of oysters. Strains isolated from both stool and oyster samples were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). However, the oysters contained other potentially pathogenic V. parahaemoly...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00096-16
更新日期:2016-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus thermophilus is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that has the ability to grow and survive in aerobic environments, but the mechanism for this remains unclear. In this study, the efeB gene, encoding a dye-decolorizing peroxidase, was identified in the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus CGMCC 7.179, and...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01300-15
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aminobacter sp. strain MSH1 grows on and mineralizes the groundwater micropollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and is of interest for BAM removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The BAM-catabolic genes in MSH1 are located on plasmid pBAM1, carrying bbdA, which encodes the conversion of BAM to 2,6-dichloro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00137-17
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The quantification of 16S rRNA by oligonucleotide probe hybridization was investigated with MagnaGraph (Micron Separation, Inc. [MSI]), Magna Charge (MSI), Magna (MSI), Immobilon-N (Millipore Corporation), and Nytran (Schleicher & Schuell, Inc.) membranes as supports for nucleic acid immobilization. The levels of dete...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.1.300-303.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most denitrifiers produce nitrous oxide (N(2)O) instead of dinitrogen (N(2)) under aerobic conditions. We isolated and characterized novel aerobic denitrifiers that produce low levels of N(2)O under aerobic conditions. We monitored the denitrification activities of two of the isolates, strains TR2 and K50, in batch an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.6.3152-3157.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous attempts to express the toxin complex genes of Photorhabdus luminescens W14 in Escherichia coli have failed to reconstitute their oral toxicity to the model insect Manduca sexta. Here we show that the combination of three genes, tcdA, tcdB, and tccC, is essential for oral toxicity to M. sexta when expression ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5017-5024.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the identification of novel archaea living in close association with bacteria in the cold (approximately 10 degrees C) sulfurous marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. These microorganisms form a characteristic, macroscopically visible structure, morphologically comparable to a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.5.2336-2344.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis was grown on cellulosic substrates, and the cellular distribution and types of glycosidases produced by the organism were studied. Fungal cultures were fractionated into extracellular, insoluble (membrane), and intracellular fractions and assayed for glycosidase acti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.5.1265-1269.1985
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transpositional mutagenesis of Thiobacillus novellus by Tn501 was achieved by means of the incompatibility of IncP plasmids. Tn501 insertion caused three types of mutant phenotypes: isoleucine auxotrophy, lysine auxotrophy, and a reduced ability to oxidize reduced sulfur compounds and to fix CO(2). Oxidation rates for...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.6.1436-1441.1985
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first report on the fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in simulated human colonic conditions. The pathogen was progressively eliminated from the bioreactor and did not modify the major populations of resident microbiota. The coadministration of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 probi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03303-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various combinations of the genes cryIVA (cry4A), cryIVD (cry11A), and p20 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were introduced into the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 by means of Escherichia coli-Anabaena shuttle vector pRL488p and were expressed under control of two tandem stro...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.12.4971-4974.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that enhanced lysozyme resistance of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli requires the plasmid-encoded regulator, Per, and is mediated by factors outside the locus for enterocyte effacement. EspC, a Per-activated serine protease autotransporter protein, conferred enhanced resistance on nonpathogenic E. col...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01734-08
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Hydroxypyridine (3HP) is an important natural pyridine derivative. Ensifer adhaerens HP1 can utilize 3HP as its sole sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy to grow, but the genes responsible for the degradation of 3HP remain unknown. In this study, we predicted that a gene cluster, designated 3hpd, might be respons...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01313-20
更新日期:2020-09-17 00:00:00