Abstract：
:Epinephrine is the prototypical stress hormone. Its stimulation of all α and β adrenergic receptors elicits short-term systolic hypertension, hyperglycemia, and other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Acute epinephrine infusion increases cardiac output and induces insulin resistance, but removal of the adrenal medulla has no consistent effect on blood pressure. Epinephrine is the most effective endogenous agonist at the β2 receptor. Transgenic mice that cannot make epinephrine and mice that lack the β2 receptor become hypertensive during exercise, presumably owing to the absence of β2-mediated vasodilatation. Epinephrine-deficient mice also have cardiac remodeling and poor cardiac responses to stress, but do not develop resting hypertension. Mice that cannot make epinephrine have a normal metabolism on a regular 14% fat diet but become hyperglycemic and insulin resistant when they eat a high fat diet. Vigorous exercise prevents diabetes in young mice and humans that overeat. However, exercise is a less effective treatment in older type 2 human diabetics and had no effect on glucose or insulin responses in older, diabetic mice. Sensitivity of the β2 receptor falls sharply with advancing age, and adrenal epinephrine release also decreases. However, treatment of older diabetic mice with a β2 adrenergic agonist improved insulin sensitivity, indicating that β2 subsensitivity can be overcome pharmacologically. Recent studies show that over the long term, epinephrine prevents hypertension during stress and improves glucose tolerance. The hyperglycemic influence of epinephrine is short-lived. Chronic administration of epinephrine and other β2 agonists improves cellular glucose uptake and metabolism. Overall, epinephrine counteracts the metabolic syndrome.
journal_name
Curr Hypertens Repjournal_title
Current hypertension reportsauthors
Ziegler MG,Elayan H,Milic M,Sun P,Gharaibeh Mdoi
10.1007/s11906-011-0243-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-7issue
1eissn
1522-6417issn
1534-3111journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Essential hypertension is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and is caused mainly by production of oxygen free radicals that can destroy nitric oxide (NO), impairing its beneficial and protective effects on the vessel wall. Antihypertensive drugs can improve or restore endothelium-dependent va...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-000-0061-8
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progressive abnormalities of passive stiffness or active relaxation of the myocardium that impair ventricular filling during diastole may be an important contributor to the development of heart failure in patients with preserved ejection fraction. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of dias...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-009-0048-z
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosis of resistant hypertension (RH) is currently based upon awake-time office blood pressure (BP). An increasing number of studies have documented abnormally elevated sleep-time BP in most RH patients, indicating that diagnosis of true RH cannot be determined solely by comparison of office BP with either patient ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-014-0445-9
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and claims the lives of more than half a million women every year. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hypertension affects more men than women until 55 years of age, but after age 5...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-000-0083-2
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of renin production by the principal cells of the collecting duct has opened new perspectives for the regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II). Angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are present in the tubular fluid coming from the proximal tubule and collecting duct. All th...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-017-0763-9
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is clear that hypertension is a primary cause of stroke, there has been controversy concerning blood pressure management after stroke. Recent studies indicate that lowering systemic blood pressure after stroke reduces the risk for recurrent stroke or vascular events, but other studies provide evidence that...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-005-0058-4
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Review the renal nerve anatomy and physiology basics and explore the concept of global vs. selective renal denervation (RDN) to uncover some of the fundamental limitations of non-targeted renal nerve ablation and the potential superiority of selective RDN. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent trials testing the ef...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-018-0838-2
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salt-sensitive hypertension is closely related with natriuretic capacity of the kidney. Besides several genome-wide research reported candidate gene or gene polymorphism responsible for salt-sensitive hypertension, recently, several new factors for acquired salt-sensitive hypertension are reported. Among them, we have...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0284-5
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of beneficial neuroprotective effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis [ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas] in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke has spurred interest in a more complete characterization of its mechanisms of action. Here, we summarize findings that describe the protective ro...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-014-0512-2
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipodystrophy (LD) associated with HIV infection is a syndrome of abnormal fat distribution observed in HIV-infected patients treated with various antiretroviral agents. In addition, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia can occur in HIV-infected patients with or without LD. The demonstration of the latter metabolic dis...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-003-0067-0
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adverse cardiovascular consequences of high blood pressure (BP) not only depend on absolute BP values, but also on BP variability (BPV). Evidence has been provided that independently of mean BP levels, BP variations in the short- and long-term are associated with the development, progression and severity of cardia...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0290-7
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The various antihypertensive regimens have varying effects on glucose metabolism and the development of diabetes mellitus. Recent large hypertension trials have shown great differences in the development of new-onset diabetes among antihypertensive drug therapies. The incidence of diabetes is unchanged or increased by...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-005-0029-9
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the latest reports of the contributions of the endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension to begin to determine the clinical potential for this pathway for hypertension treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor expression is se...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0981-4
更新日期：2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:With the cut-off point between "normal" and "high" blood pressure (BP) being pushed increasingly downward, especially for patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, most hypertensives need more than one antihypertensive agent to reach their target BP. In this article, we examine the rationale for combining dr...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-004-0020-x
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has changed over the last decade. Remarkable advances in understanding the pathobiology and clinical care required in PAH have resulted in improved quality of life and survival. Despite such important progress, the long-term rate of survival is still unacceptab...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-013-0397-5
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiplatelet agents represent a cornerstone in the management of patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Essential hypertension is considered a major public health problem leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients with essential hypertension exhibit also additional cardio...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-015-0536-2
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibition of angiotensin II through angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers has become the foundation of medical treatment of progressive chronic renal disease. Although these drugs provide a significant improvement over earlier treatments, they only slow the progression of renal...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-002-0071-9
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal sympathetic efferent and afferent nerves, which lie within and immediately adjacent to the wall of the renal arteries, contribute to the maintenance of hypertension. Because the causative factors of hypertension change over time, denervation of both efferent and afferent renal nerves should result in long-term a...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-010-0108-4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LCZ696 is a single molecule which combines the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan with the neprilysn inhibitor sacubitril (AHU377). In the recently published PARADIGM-HF trial, LCZ696 proved superior to enalapril in reducing overall mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, and other endpoints in patients with sy...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-015-0548-y
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central nervous system plays a key role in the regulation of cardiovascular function, and alterations in the central neural mechanisms that control blood pressure may underlie the vast majority of cases of primary hypertension. The well-studied baroreceptor reflex powerfully regulates arterial pressure, though its...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-003-0030-0
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The research on molecular genetics of human hypertension aims to identify the loci involved in the regulation of blood pressure, detect gene variants within the identified loci, associate them with intermediate phenotypes, and ultimately estimate their quantitative effects on blood pressure level and their interaction...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-999-0071-0
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have identified key gender differences in cardiovascular function, renal hemodynamics, and the renin-angiotensin system. Extensive epidemiologic evidence has shown a clear gender difference in cardiovascular and renal disease progression, whereby female sex appears to be protective. The mechanisms under...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-002-0039-9
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization's annual report World Health Statistics 2012 was recently published. In addition to annually published indicators of health, this year's report contains a highlighted new section on non-communicable diseases and their impact on world health. The section gives particular attention to hyper...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0303-6
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes the latest science on hypertensive encephalopathy and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of these overlapping syndromes and discuss best practices for diagnosis and management. RECENT FINDINGS:Diagnosis of hyperte...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-018-0813-y
更新日期：2018-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This is a review of available data on the effects of blood pressure and statins on cognition. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent randomized clinical trials have shown that intensive control of systolic blood pressure in older adults prevented the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the combined ef...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0973-4
更新日期：2019-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes and hypertension are common coexistent conditions, the combination of which results in an increased risk for cardiovascular and renal disease. Clinical trials have convincingly demonstrated the benefit of tight blood pressure control among patients with diabetes in reducing these risks. Furthermore, the choic...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-005-0039-7
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension (especially systolic hypertension) is very common in older persons. Systolic hypertension occurs because large conduit arteries become stiffer with age. Strong evidence from randomized trials suggests that treating systolic blood pressures initially higher than 160 mm Hg is extremely beneficial, and a rec...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-009-0057-y
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Masked hypertension refers to the phenomenon of having a non-elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) despite having an elevated out-of-clinic BP. Masked hypertension is a common phenotype with a cardiovascular risk profile similar to that of sustained hypertension, defined as elevated clinic and out-of-clinic BP. Current ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-017-0792-4
更新日期：2017-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is an important public health problem, and increasingly children are being diagnosed with primary hypertension. As the list of secondary causes of hypertension is extensive, pediatric practitioners increasingly need to decide on investigations needed for evaluating children presenting with high blood pres...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-013-0371-2
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prorenin and renin bind to a 350-amino acid protein called the (pro)renin receptor, which is present on the surface and functions intracellularly. When the receptor's N terminus binds either prorenin or renin, intracellular signaling occurs via extracellular-regulated kinases, which can result in plasminogen activator...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-008-0075-1
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
