Abstract:
:Sons of male alcoholics (SOMAs) are at markedly heightened genetic risk for the development of alcohol abuse. Study of SOMAs could therefore conceivably increase the efficiency of research aimed at uncovering those heritable factors that predispose to alcoholism. SOMAs manifest observable behavioral, cognitive, and psychophysiological abnormalities while sober and react idiosyncratically to alcohol intoxication. They are most commonly described as conduct disordered and hyperactive, appear heir to a variety of deficits in verbal and abstract cognition, and perform more poorly in the academic environment. SOMAs are characterized by abnormal patterns of cued psychophysiological response, and appear more sensitive to the putatively reinforcing aspects of alcohol intoxication. Various methodological weaknesses permeate the relevant literature. Some straightforward improvements are suggested.
journal_name
J Abnorm Psycholjournal_title
Journal of abnormal psychologyauthors
Pihl RO,Peterson J,Finn Pdoi
10.1037//0021-843x.99.3.291subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-08-01 00:00:00pages
291-301issue
3eissn
0021-843Xissn
1939-1846journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Data for Caucasian, African American, Asian American, and Latino college-student samples were compared for several popular self-report scales of psychopathology. Significant group differences were obtained for all scales, with the Caucasian sample consistently having the lowest means. Some gender effects and interacti...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.104.3.464
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenic (n = 21), bipolar (n = 18), and normal control subjects (n = 21) were compared on a word recognition measure of semantic priming. The task involved the presentation of related, neutral, and unrelated word pairs; the second word (target word) in each pair was presented in a degraded form. Facilitation was...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.99.3.215
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study examined vulnerability to depression during the transition from early to middle adolescence from the perspective of the response styles theory. During an initial assessment, 382 adolescents (ages 11-15 years) completed self-report measures assessing rumination and depressive symptoms as well as a sem...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0022796
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the official personality disorder (PD) classification system remains unchanged. However, DSM-5 also includes an alternative hybrid categorical-dimensional PD system in Section III to spur additional research. One defining feature of the alter...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0037633
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The approach-withdrawal model posits 2 neural systems of motivation and emotion and hypothesizes that these systems are responsible for individual differences in emotional reactivity, or affective styles. The model also proposes that depression is characterized by a deficit in reward-seeking behavior (i.e., approach m...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.95
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated M. Linehan's (1993) theory that individuals meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) have high biological vulnerability to emotion dysregulation, including high baseline emotional intensity and high reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Twenty individuals with BPD, 20 a...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0016392
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cohen and Wills (Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A., 1985, Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357) described two broad models whereby social support could mitigate the deleterious effects of stress on health: a main effect model and stress-buffering model. A specific applicati...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0032501
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A handful of prior adoption studies have confirmed that the cross-sectional relationship between child conduct problems and parent-child conflict at least partially originates in the shared environment. However, as the direction of causation between parenting and delinquency remains unclear, this relationship could be...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0021350
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was administered to 68 identical and 161 fraternal twin pairs reared apart and 114 identical and 138 fraternal pairs reared together to ascertain relative genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. Intrac...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.4.701
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the hypothesis that trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity would be positively associated with schizophrenia symptoms. Forty-seven clients with schizophrenia were assessed for schizophrenia severity and for lifetime trauma history and PTSD symptoms in 2 independent symptom interv...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.415
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two studies explored which different dimensions of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) were associated with negative affect, attention to emotions, clarity of emotions, and emotional intensity/instability. Study 1 included 247 college students, and questionnaires were used to measure SPD. Study 2 included 225 commu...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.359
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working memory abnormalities, which are particularly pronounced on context processing tasks, appear relatively specific to schizophrenia spectrum illnesses compared with other psychotic disorders. However, the specificity of context processing deficits to schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), a prototype of schizoph...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.342
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causal role of biased attention in worry was investigated in an experiment in which high worriers were assigned either to a condition requiring attention to nonthreatening words and text while ignoring worry-related material or to a mixed-attention control condition. The former procedure led to fewer negative thou...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/a0018264
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display enhanced attention to detail and exhibit restricted behavior. However, due to a lack of comprehensive eye-movement modeling techniques, it is currently unknown whether these behavioral effects are also evident during scene viewing (i.e., detailed visual ins...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/abn0000145
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taxometric and biometric analyses were conducted on 2 North American samples to investigate the prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation. Results indicated that approximately 3.3% of the general population belongs to a pathological dissociative taxon. A brief 8-item self-report scale called the ...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.4.499
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social proximity typically helps individuals meet their belongingness needs, but several forms of psychopathology, including borderline and avoidant personality disorders (BPD and APD, respectively) are characterized by social difficulties. This experience-sampling study is one of the first to directly investigate the...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0036929
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced responsiveness to emotions is hypothesized to contribute to the development of conduct disorder (CD) in children and adolescents. Accordingly, blunted psychophysiological responses to emotions have been observed in boys with CD, but this has never been tested in girls. Therefore, this study compared psychophys...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/abn0000524
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations in the perception of body signals (i.e., interoceptive awareness [IA]) are considered crucial for the development and maintenance of somatoform disorders (SFDs). However, competing theories come to different conclusions about whether IA is increased or decreased in SFDs. The present study investigated IA i...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0028509
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restrained and unrestrained eaters were weighted 5 lb (2.27 kg) heavier or 5 lb lighter than their actual weight or were not weighed at all. Unrestrained eaters and restrained eaters who were told they weighed 5 lb less were not affected by the false weight feedback. However, restrained eaters who were informed that t...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.312
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been defined as the fear of anxiety and anxiety-related sensations, and evidence suggests that AS plays an important role in the psychopathology of panic. It is entirely unclear whether the relation between AS and panic should be attributed to one (or more) of the AS group factors, the gen...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.3.372
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the reaction times (RTs) of schizophrenic (n = 25), matched normal (n = 69), and bipolar (n = 14) subjects to a tone preceded by a preparatory interval (PI; the time between the warning signal and imperative stimulus) of varying length. RTs increase when the PI for the immediately preceding trial (the PPI)...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.102.1.145
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paul E. Meehl's work on the clinical versus statistical prediction controversy is reviewed. His contributions included the following: putting the controversy center stage in applied psychology; clarifying concepts underpinning the debate (especially his crucial distinction between ways of gathering data and ways of co...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.192
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing evidence that rumination, perhaps specifically brooding rumination, is a core feature of depression and that it contributes to the development and maintenance of the disorder. A separate line of research has highlighted the role played by heart rate variability (HRV). Both brooding rumination and HRV ...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0035450
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although high-risk research suggests that children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for psychological disorders, the mechanisms of this risk are not well understood. In the current study, the information processing of children of depressed mothers was compared with that of children whose mothers were not dep...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.108.2.202
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors tested the cognitive vulnerability hypotheses of depression with a retrospective behavioral high-risk design. Individuals without current Axis I diagnoses who exhibited either negative or positive cognitive styles were compared on lifetime prevalence of depressive and other disorders and the clinical param...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although numerous longitudinal studies have examined heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom course, the long-term course of the disorder remains poorly understood. This study sought to understand and predict long-term PTSD symptom course among a nationwide sample of Operations Enduring Freedom a...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/abn0000571
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weight suppression, the difference between highest past weight and current weight, is a robust predictor of clinical characteristics of bulimia nervosa; however, the influence of weight suppression in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been little studied, and to our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the ways in whi...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0033930
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is thought to develop by early adulthood, and it is characterized by lack of control of anger, intense and frequent mood changes, impulsive acts, disturbed interpersonal relationships, and life-threatening behaviors. We describe data from a 2-year follow-up study of nonclinical yo...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.307
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two studies compared comprehension of televised stories by 7- to 12-year-old boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nonreferred comparison boys. Boys watched one show with toys present and one with toys absent. Visual attention was continuously recorded, and recall was tested after each show. Ac...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.2.321
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stress response systems are thought to play an important role in the development of psychopathology. In addition, family stress may have a significant influence on the development of stress response systems. One potential avenue of change is through alterations to thresholds for the activation of stress responses: Dec...
journal_title:Journal of abnormal psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/abn0000026
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00