Abstract:
PURPOSE:Neuronal and glial alterations precede the overt vascular change that characterizes diabetic retinopathy. Because retinal astrocytes modulate neuronal and vascular function, this study investigated the time course of astrocyte, Müller cell, and neuronal change during diabetes to determine whether astrocytes may play an early role in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic via streptozotocin and neuronal and glial changes were assessed after 2-10 weeks. Astrocyte change was investigated using connexin-26 immunolabeling, whereas connexin-26 and -43 gene expressions were quantified using real-time PCR. Hypoxia was measured by pimonidazole labeling and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was quantified using Western blot. Müller cell gliosis was assessed by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunolabeling and retinal function assessed using the electroretinogram. RESULTS:Astrocyte connexin-26 and -43 gene and protein expression decreased after 4 weeks of diabetes, before significant astrocyte loss. At the same time, the retina became hypoxic, with increased HIF-1α expression and pimonidazole labeling in the ganglion cell layer. This coincided with a decrease in ganglion cell function. After 6 weeks of diabetes, Müller cell gliosis became more evident and there were additional functional deficits in photoreceptoral and amacrine cell responses. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that early changes in astrocytes are coincident with inner retinal hypoxia and ganglion cell functional deficits, whereas Müller cell gliosis and more extensive decreases in neuronal function occur later. Astrocytes may play an early and key role in changes in retinal vasculature and inner retinal dysfunction in diabetes.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Ly A,Yee P,Vessey KA,Phipps JA,Jobling AI,Fletcher ELdoi
10.1167/iovs.11-7879subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-02 00:00:00pages
9316-26issue
13eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.11-7879journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To study the aggregation of bovine gamma-crystallins in aqueous solutions and the effect of gamma(s)-crystallin on the aggregation of other gamma-crystallins. METHODS:Aggregation in aqueous solutions of gamma(s)-, gammaII-, and gammaIVa-crystallin was monitored by quasielastic light scattering. Aggregation in ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the variability in choroidal laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). METHODS:Five measurements of choroidal blood flow were obtained on 5 days in both eyes of 10 subjects. Reliability, sensitivity, and sample size calculations were performed. Yield, the intensity of the returning light (direct current [DC]) d...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and prostaglandins (PGs) in retinal blood vessel calibers and vasodilation during flicker light stimulation in humans. METHODS:Twelve healthy nonsmokers participated in a balanced crossover study. Oral fluconazole 400 mg and dispersible aspirin 600 mg...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14947
更新日期:2014-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare current imaging methods with respect to their ability to detect the condition of the fovea in patients with geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS:The retinas of 176 eyes with GA were imaged using two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems, Cirrus HD-OCT and Spectralis HRA+OCT, and ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15114
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Videokeratography is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of corneal shape abnormalities. However, interpretation of the topographic map is sometimes difficult, especially when pathologies with similar topographic patterns are suspected. The neural networks model, an artificial intelligence approach, was applied f...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There are two human 15-lipoxygenases (LOX), 15-LOX-1 and -2, which convert arachidonic acid to 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE). The presence of both 15-LOXs in the human cornea prompted this study to delineate their roles in the human corneal epithelium. METHODS:Human corneal epithelia from donor c...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1166
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is an important cause of visual impairment and can be modeled by optic nerve transection, which causes the death of 90% of RGCs within 14 days postaxotomy. We performed a proteomic study to identify and quantify proteins in the rat retina after optic nerve transection. O...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8350
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Estimates of the incidences of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/B) and their causes are key to good health service planning. Thus, the database of Germany's largest state's blind registry was used to estimate current incidence rates (IR) and to project rates for Germany in 2010 and 2030. METHODS:The...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6987
更新日期:2011-06-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Visibility of low-spatial frequency stimuli improves when their contrast is modulated at 5 to 10 Hz compared with stationary stimuli. Therefore, temporal modulations of visual objects could enhance the performance of low vision patients who primarily perceive images of low-spatial frequency content. We investig...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9157
更新日期:2012-09-06 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the biometric characteristics of eyes with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS:Medical records of 52 consecutive patients with unilateral CSC were reviewed. Central serous chorioretinopathy was diagnosed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluor...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13183
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Evoked potentials (EP's) in response to phase-alternating gratings were recorded from normal and stereoblind or stereodefective subjects (adults and children) under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The amplitude of the binocular EP was found to exceed the larger monocular EP in normal but not in stereodefec...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the histologic effects and clinical outcomes of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) delivered by miniaturized annular transducers for ciliary body coagulation in an animal study. METHODS:Eighteen eyes of 18 rabbits were insonified with a ring comprising a six-sector transducer, to produce a 12...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-5135
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to Toll-like receptor (TLR)5 ligand flagellin induces strong protective innate defense against microbial pathogens and hypothesized that flagellin modulates gene expression at the transcriptional levels. Thus, we sought to determine the role of one transcript...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12453
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the risk factors for bilateral and unilateral disease in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS:The study analyzed data from consecutive NTG patients with either bilateral (n = 194) or unilateral (n = 193) disease. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the following potential risk fac...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1886
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Animal studies suggest that the periphery of the eye plays a major role in emmetropization. It is also known that human myopes tend to have relative peripheral hyperopia compared to the foveal refraction. This study investigated peripheral sensitivity to defocus in human subjects, specifically whether myopes ar...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-9034
更新日期:2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) to facilitate plaque placement during episcleral brachytherapy of intraocular tumors. METHODS:Ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) decays to rhodium-106, which in turn emits high-energy beta particles. When the electrons ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18012
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently discovered, amidated 36 amino acid residue neuropeptide present in many but not all sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. In the guinea-pig eye, NPY immunoreactive fibers were found to have the same distribution as noradrenergic fibers except that there were fewer at the iris dilator, i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of coulomb-controlled iontophoresis (CCI) for delivery of riboflavin prior to corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). METHODS:The eyes of 20 8-week-old Lewis rats, subject to epithelium-ON (epi-ON, n = 20 eyes) or epithelium-OFF (epi-OFF, n = 20 eyes) conditions, were used to evaluate th...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-13931
更新日期:2014-04-28 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To estimate gender- and age-specific prevalence of myopia and identify risk indicators for myopia in a population-based sample of Latino adults aged 40 years and older in La Puente, California. METHODS:Noncycloplegic automated refraction with supplemental standardized subjective refraction was performed for pr...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1153
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cannabinoids have been reported to mediate changes in vascular resistance through endothelial receptor targets. We examined involvement of the endothelium in cannabinoid-mediated vasoactive responses in resistance arterioles of the retina. METHODS:Vascular responses to both intraluminal (IL) and extraluminal (...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14879
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify objective criteria to quantify visual function in the rat for developing therapeutic strategies to protect neuronal cells after ischemia. The impact of ocular ischemia on luminance and frequency-modulated contrast vision was compared with the function of outer retinal cells and the number of intact ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1050
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rates of corneal penetration and efflux of phenylephrine (PE) and its metabolites were found to be limited by the epithelium. The rate constant for corneal penetration as measured in a lucite block perfusion system was 1.06 X 10(-3) hr-1 when the epithelium was present and 1.25 X 10(-2) hr-1 when the epithelium wa...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effect of age on the thickness of individual retinal layers, measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in a population of healthy Caucasians. METHODS:One hundred and twenty subjects with an age ranging between 18 and 81 years were examined with SD-OCT. Mean layer thi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11913
更新日期:2013-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:We examined the pattern and extent of connective tissue distribution in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and determined the ability of the interconnected connective tissues to disseminate force laterally. Methods:Human EOMs were examined for collagens I, III, IV, and VI; fibronectin; laminin; and elastin using i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.17-23003
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber in surgically virgin, aniridic, and ciliary muscle disinserted cynomolgus monkey eyes 6 to 13 times at 1- to 2-month intervals over periods of 8 to 24 months. Facility decreased approximately 15 to 20% between consec...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There is considerable variation in the degree of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) induced in chickens by a uniform treatment regimen. Sex and pretreatment eye size have been found to be predictive of the rate of FD-induced eye growth. Therefore, this study was undertaken to test whether the greater rate of myopic ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3826
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the pathogenesis of ocular cytomegalovirus infections, 3-week-old BALB/c mice were inoculated with 10(4) plaque-forming units of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) by the right anterior chamber and studied sequentially with the use of virus assays and in situ nucleic acid hybridization methods. During acute ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To ascertain whether the corneal endothelium exhibits specific receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and to characterize partially any binding activity. METHODS:Most experiments employed radioligand-binding techniques to characterize 125I-ANP binding activity. Guanylate cyclase and corneal deturgescen...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine using the multifocal ERG technique whether there are any regional differences in the increase in the amplitude of cone electroretinograms (ERGs) during light adaptation. METHODS:Multifocal ERGs were recorded with the Visual Evoked Response Imaging System from five normal subjects. Thirty-seven hex...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cornea of one eye was opacified in two young macaque monkeys by multiple stromal injections of a suspension of polystyrene particles (latex). Ultrasound measurements showed that the eye with opaque cornea grew at a faster rate, so that after 1 year it was more than 1 mm longer than the normal eye. This difference ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00