Abstract：
:Administering relaxin to conscious rats and humans elicits systemic and renal vasodilation. The molecular mechanisms vary according to the duration of relaxin exposure-so-called "rapid" (within minutes) or "sustained" (hours to days) vasodilatory responses-both being endothelium-dependent. Rapid responses are mediated by G(αi/o) protein coupling to phosphoinositol-3 kinase/Akt (protein kinase B)-dependent phosphorylation and activation of nitric oxide synthase. Sustained responses are mediated by vascular endothelial and placental growth factors, as well as increases in arterial gelatinase activity. Thus, after hours or days of relaxin treatment, respectively, arterial MMP-9 or MMP-2 hydrolyze "big" endothelin (ET) at a gly-leu bond to form ET(1-32), which in turn activates the endothelial ET(B) receptor/nitric oxide vasodilatory pathway. Administration of relaxin to conscious rats also increases global systemic arterial compliance and passive compliance of select isolated blood vessels such as small renal arteries (SRA). The increase in SRA passive compliance is mediated by both geometric remodeling (outward) and compositional remodeling (decreased collagen). Relaxin-induced geometric remodeling has also been observed in brain parenchymal arteries, and this remodeling appears to be via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Given the vasodilatory and arterial remodeling properties of relaxin, the hormone may have therapeutic potential in the settings of abnormal pregnancies, heart failure, and pathologies associated with stiffening of arteries.
journal_name
Curr Hypertens Repjournal_title
Current hypertension reportsauthors
Conrad KP,Shroff SGdoi
10.1007/s11906-011-0231-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
409-20issue
6eissn
1522-6417issn
1534-3111journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Primary aldosteronism is commonly regarded as largely sporadic, but both germline and somatic mutations are increasingly recognized as underlying the condition. Three germline mutations causing familial hyperaldosteronism have been described, dubbed FH I (due to a CYP11B1/CYP11B2 chimera), FH II (localized to chromoso...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0255-x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistant hypertension is a common and growing clinical problem characterized by failure to achieve target blood pressure levels despite adequate use of at least three antihypertensive agents. Although numerous safe and effective pharmacologic therapies are available to treat elevated blood pressure, novel therapeutic...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-010-0119-1
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is present in three of four patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but remains largely uncontrolled in most patients. Treating hypertension in these patients is complicated by the concern of precipitating coronary ischemia when diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is reduced excessively. However, an emergi...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-008-0066-2
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin II is the most active hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. In humans, two angiotensin receptors have been identified: AT(1) and AT(2). In adults, most of the effects of angiotensin II are mediated by the AT(1) receptor; the function of the AT(2) receptor is not yet well established. Angiotensin II has ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-999-0036-3
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The various antihypertensive regimens have varying effects on glucose metabolism and the development of diabetes mellitus. Recent large hypertension trials have shown great differences in the development of new-onset diabetes among antihypertensive drug therapies. The incidence of diabetes is unchanged or increased by...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-005-0029-9
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of arterial hypertension: in the PA Prevalence in Hypertensives (PAPY) Study, the prevalence of PA was 11.2% in consecutive referred hypertensive patients. When adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is available, two thirds of the cases can be attributed to a tumor and one third of c...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-010-0134-2
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To further understand chronic heart disease, such as heart failure and cardiomyopathy, we must fully define signaling pathways within the myocardium. Recent studies suggest that some forms of heart disease are associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation that promotes adverse ventricular remodeling and correlates ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0309-0
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling system is a well-characterized modulator of cardiovascular function, in general, and blood pressure, in particular. The availability of mice mutant for key enzymes in the NO-cGMP signaling system facilitated the identification of interactions with o...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0320-5
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review is intended to briefly describe the primary mechanistic pathways by which several common drugs can increase blood pressure. We also propose potential management strategies based on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the blood pressure elevation. RECENT FINDINGS:As hypertension is a...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-017-0736-z
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization's annual report World Health Statistics 2012 was recently published. In addition to annually published indicators of health, this year's report contains a highlighted new section on non-communicable diseases and their impact on world health. The section gives particular attention to hyper...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11906-012-0303-6
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the quest for "evidence-based" medicine, an accepted hierarchy of evidence has been proposed. This hierarchy places in vitro studies and animal data at the base, and puts systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials at the pinnacle. However, when clinical medicine faces questions that have no...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-006-0054-3
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The post-macula densa segments of the renal tubule--that is, the distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct--play a central role in determining final urine sodium excretion. The major regulated sodium transporters and channels in these cell types include the thiazide-sensitive (Na-Cl) cotransport...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-006-0013-z
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiplatelet agents represent a cornerstone in the management of patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Essential hypertension is considered a major public health problem leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients with essential hypertension exhibit also additional cardio...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-015-0536-2
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin II (Ang II) has actions on the sympathetic nervous system both as a circulating hormone acting on the circumventricular organs and also as a neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator acting within the brain. Administration of Ang II into the cerebral ventricles has diverse effects on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-013-0355-2
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction due to reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) secondary to increased generation of oxygen-free radicals. Some antihypertensive drugs may improve or restore endothelial function independently of their blood pressure lowering effect. The newer generat...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11906-011-0207-x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High blood pressure in the setting of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with the earlier development of target-organ damage, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and progressive renal insufficiency. The major goal of treating high blood pressure in this population is to prevent or reduc...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-003-0020-2
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin resistance (IR) is present in pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, inflammation, cardiac disease, and dyslipidemias. Population studies show that IR is multifactorial and has genetic components, such as defects in the insulin-signaling pathway (as...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-015-0615-4
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic syndrome leads to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, through multiple risks, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension. It also represents a disorder of partial genetic background as mutations of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PP...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-005-0019-y
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with hypertension need to stay on therapy with antihypertensive medication to obtain the full benefits of blood pressure reduction. There are important differences in tolerability across antihypertensive drug classes, and these differences influence the extent to which patients are willing to continue taki...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-002-0021-6
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of tissue injuries in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The detrimental actions of the AT1 receptor (AT1R) in hypertension and vascular injury, myocardial infarction and brain ischemia are well established. In the past t...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-013-0416-6
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer's disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHMs) and dementia risk are less consistent. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in ex...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-016-0674-1
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To examine available clinical data on the differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with hypertension (HTN). Clinical conditions related to HTN and reproductive status differ in younger women compared with older women. Due to recent changes in the definition of HTN, the prevalence of ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0979-y
更新日期：2019-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The obesity gene product leptin plays an important role in the physiologic regulation of appetite and energy balance. Plasma leptin levels correlate closely with body fat storage and may respond to changes in energy expenditure. Recent evidence has implicated a direct cardiac regulatory action of leptin in addition to...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-008-0084-0
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epinephrine is the prototypical stress hormone. Its stimulation of all α and β adrenergic receptors elicits short-term systolic hypertension, hyperglycemia, and other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Acute epinephrine infusion increases cardiac output and induces insulin resistance, but removal of the adrenal medull...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-011-0243-6
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peak-systolic blood pressure (SBP) and end-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) have been considered the exclusive mechanical factors predicting cardiovascular (CV) risk in populations of normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The purpose of this review is to show that in addition to SBP and DBP, other hemodynamic indices ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-004-0068-7
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-quality medical care requires implementing evidence-based best practices, with continued monitoring to improve performance. Implementation science is beginning to identify approaches to developing, implementing, and evaluating quality improvement strategies across health care systems that lead to good outcomes fo...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-008-0038-6
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Use of antihypertensives in older adults can be complicated by the potential for undesired effects on comorbidities, adverse effects of the drugs, and overall medication burden. The purpose of this two-part review is to discuss contemporary issues encountered in the management of hypertension in aged ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0988-x
更新日期：2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Decreased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability as it relates to endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in various cardiovascular disorders, including athero-sclerosis. Recent research has provided evidence that endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis is not primarily caused by decreased endothelia...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-006-0041-8
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review medical literature for evidence of association between hypertension and mitral regurgitation (MR) and summarize potential favorable effects of antihypertensive drugs on MR natural history and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Hypertension and MR are common diseases affecting a large proportion of ...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0928-9
更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate recent developments in the management of hypertension in obese pregnant women. RECENT FINDINGS:The mainstay of management targets prevention of hypertension with preconception counselling, entering pregnancy with a lower BMI, limiting weight gain, and taking low-dose aspirin to prevent pr...
journal_title：Current hypertension reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11906-019-0927-x
更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00
