Abstract:
:Fluent readers process written text rapidly and accurately, and comprehend what they read. Historically, reading fluency has been modeled as the product of discrete skills such as single word decoding. More recent conceptualizations emphasize that fluent reading is the product of competency in, and the coordination of, multiple cognitive sub-skills (a multi-componential view). In this study, we examined how the pattern of activation in core reading regions changes as the ability to read fluently is manipulated through reading speed. We evaluated 13 right-handed adults with a novel fMRI task assessing fluent sentence reading and lower-order letter reading at each participant's normal fluent reading speed, as well as constrained (slowed) and accelerated reading speeds. Comparing fluent reading conditions with rest revealed regions including bilateral occipito-fusiform, left middle temporal, and inferior frontal gyral clusters across reading speeds. The selectivity of these regions' responses to fluent sentence reading was shown by comparison with the letter reading task. Region of interest analyses showed that at constrained and accelerated speeds these regions responded significantly more to fluent sentence reading. Critically, as reading speed increased, activation increased in a single reading-related region: occipital/fusiform cortex (left > right). These results demonstrate that while brain regions engaged in reading respond selectively during fluent reading, these regions respond differently as the ability to read fluently is manipulated. Implications for our understanding of reading fluency, reading development, and reading disorders are discussed.
journal_name
Hum Brain Mappjournal_title
Human brain mappingauthors
Benjamin CF,Gaab Ndoi
10.1002/hbm.21384subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
2572-85issue
11eissn
1065-9471issn
1097-0193journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been recognized to exhibit disease-specific brain vulnerability patterns. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele imparts a high genetic risk of developing AD. Whether the APOE ɛ4 allele damages the brain when cognitive functions are still intact is important ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23359
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a great individual variability for acquiring syntactic knowledge in a second language (L2). Little is, however, known if there is any anatomical basis in the brain for individual differences in syntactic acquisition. Here we examined brain structures in 95 nonnative speakers of English, including 78 high-scho...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20790
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population neuroscience endeavours to identify environmental and genetic factors that shape the function and structure of the human brain; it uses tools and knowledge of genetics, epidemiology, and cognitive neuroscience. Here, I focus on the application of population neuroscience in studies of brain development. By d...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/hbm.21069
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to determine the linearity of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in category-selective regions of human visual cortex. We defined regions of the temporal lobe that were selective to faces (fusiform face area, FFA) an...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20694
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is becoming common to collect data from multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms on a single individual. The data from these experiments are typically analyzed separately and sometimes directly subtracted from one another on a voxel-by-voxel basis. These comparative approaches, although usefu...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20204
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Synchronization between distributed rhythms in the brain is commonly assessed by estimating the synchronization strength from simultaneous measurements. This approach, however, does not elucidate the phase dynamics that underlies synchronization. For this, an explicit dynamical model is required. Based on the...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21099
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Major depression has been repeatedly associated with amygdala hyper-responsiveness to negative (but not positive) facial expressions at early, automatic stages of emotion processing using subliminally presented stimuli. However, it is not clear whether this "limbic bias" is a correlate of depression or repre...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22112
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::How the human brain represents distinct motor features into a unique finalized action still remains undefined. Previous models proposed the distinct features of a motor act to be hierarchically organized in separated, but functionally interconnected, cortical areas. Here, we hypothesized that distinct patterns across ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22881
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcortical functions for language capacities are poorly defined, but may be investigated in the context of deep brain stimulation. Here, we studied event-related potentials recorded from electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) together with surface-EEG. Particip...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23366
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The arcuate fasciculus (AF) connects cortical regions important in language processing, but how fiber coherence and organization relates to gray matter macrostructure remains uncharacterized. We used high-resolution structural and 30-direction diffusion imaging data from 36 healthy adults (24 male/12 female; mean age,...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21147
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::From birth to 5 years of age, brain structure matures and evolves alongside emerging cognitive and behavioral abilities. In relating concurrent cognitive functioning and measures of brain structure, a major challenge that has impeded prior investigation of their time-dynamic relationships is the sparse and irregular n...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24690
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human gustatory cortex analyzes the chemosensory properties of tastants, particularly the quality, intensity, and affective valence, to determine whether a perceived substance should be ingested or rejected. Among previous studies, the spatial distribution of taste intensity-related activations within the human in...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24621
更新日期:2019-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research in young adults has demonstrated that both motor learning and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trigger decreases in the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the sensorimotor cortex, and these decreases are linked to greater learning. Less is known about the role of GABA in motor ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.25041
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Early life trauma (ELT) is a significant risk factor for the onset of depression. Emerging findings indicate ELT is associated with enhanced amygdala reactivity to aversive stimuli in never-depressed healthy controls as well as those with acute depression but may be absent in non-ELT exposed depressed. The pr...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22514
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Task-switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults. In this study, they investigated whether this age-related decline in task switching performance was mediated by variability in global or regional white matter microstructural health. Seventy cognitively inta...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23473
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by overlapping motor, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. Worse performance in one domain is associated with worse performance in the other domains. Commonality analysis (CA) is a method of variance partitioning in multiple regression, used to separate the specific and c...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.25084
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We monitored regional cerebral activity with BOLD fMRI while subjects were presented written sentences differing in their grammatical structure (subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clauses) and their short-term memory demands (short or long antecedent-gap linkages). A core region of left posterior supe...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.10006
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that multivoxel pattern analysis can be used to decode place-related information in fMRI. Subjects performed a working memory version of the Morris water maze task in a virtual environment with a single wall cue. The voxel data that corresponds to when subjects were located at the goal was extracted for...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20873
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is good evidence from animal studies for segregation in the processing of non-nociceptive and nociceptive information within the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex. However, it remains unknown whether a similar segregation occurs in humans, and a recent tract tracing study suggests that this segregatio...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20805
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listening to music can induce us to tune in to its beat. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the motor system becomes involved in perceptual rhythm and timing tasks in general, as well as during preference-related responses to music. However, the role of preferred rhythm and, in particular, of preferred beat...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20844
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous whole-brain functional connectivity studies achieved successful classifications of patients and healthy controls but only offered limited specificity as to affected brain systems. Here, we examined whether the connectivity patterns of functional systems affected in schizophrenia (SCZ), Parkinson's disease (PD...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.23763
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Word production is a complex multistage process linking conceptual representations, lexical entries, phonological forms and articulation. Previous studies have revealed a network of predominantly left-lateralized brain regions supporting this process, but many details regarding the precise functions of different nodes...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20782
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dopaminergic system plays a key role in motor function and motor abnormalities have been shown to be a specific feature of psychosis. Due to their dopaminergic action, antipsychotic drugs may be expected to modulate motor function, but the precise effects of these drugs on motor function remain unclear. We carried...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/hbm.23485
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-density electrical mapping of event-related potentials was used to investigate the neural processes that permit some elderly subjects to preserve high levels of executive functioning. Two possibilities pertain: (1) high-performance in elderly subjects is underpinned by similar processing mechanisms to those seen ...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20839
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, it has been suggested that backwardly masked, and thus subliminally presented, fearful eyes are processed by the amygdala. Here, we investigated in four functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments whether the amygdala responds to subliminally presented fearful eyes per se or whether an interaction of m...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.20960
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall goal of this work is to demonstrate how resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals may be used to objectively parcellate functionally heterogeneous subregions of the human amygdala into structures characterized by similar patterns of functional connectivity. We hypothesize that simi...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.22249
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::MR-based measurements of brain volumes may be affected by the presence of white matter (WM) lesions. Here, we assessed how and to what extent this may happen for WM lesions of various sizes and intensities. After inserting WM lesions of different sizes and intensities into T1-W brain images of healthy subjects, we ass...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21344
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sudden onset of a face image leads to a prominent face-selective response in human scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, peaking 170 ms after stimulus onset at occipito-temporal (OT) scalp sites: the N170 (or M170 in magnetoencephalography). According to a widely held view, the main cortical source of th...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.24455
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore central auditory function may be compromised by the intense bursts of stray acoustic noise produced by the scanner whenever the magnetic resonance signal is read out. We present results evaluating the use of one method to reduce the effect of the scann...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:3<213::aid-hbm5>3.0
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with complex coordinated orofacial actions, few neuroimaging studies have attempted to determine the shared and distinct neural substrates of supralaryngeal and laryngeal articulatory movements when performed independently. To determine cortical and subcortical regions associated with supralaryngeal motor con...
journal_title:Human brain mapping
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/hbm.21363
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00