Abstract:
:Acute pyelonephritis, a complication of Escherichia coli bacteriuria, must represent a bacterial invasion through the kidney epithelium. To study this process, we overlaid bacterial suspensions onto monolayers of cultured human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells and measured cytotoxicity by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Thirty-four isolates cultured from patients with acute pyelonephritis were screened for the ability to cause pyelonephritis in CBA mice by transurethral challenge. The eight most virulent strains (greater than or equal to 70% of mice challenged developed greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/g of kidney after 48 h) were selected for study. Each strain displayed mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human O erythrocytes; three strains were phenotypically and genotypically hemolytic. Pyelonephritogenic strains were significantly more cytotoxic (30.1 +/- 9.5% LDH release after 18 h) than eight fecal control strains (13.5 +/- 11.5% LDH release; P = 0.0068). We selected the most cytotoxic strain, CFT073, for further study. Sterile filtrate from this hemolytic strain was significantly more cytotoxic than was the filtrate of the fecal control strain, FN414. Transposon mutagenesis of CFT073 with TnphoA abolished hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity by both whole cells and sterile filtrate. Southern blot analysis revealed that the Tnphoa insertion mapped to the E. coli chromosomal hly determinant within a 12-kilobase SalI restriction fragment. Transformation of a nonhemolytic strain, CPZ005 with plasmid pSF4000, which carries a cloned hemolysin determinant, resulted in highly elevated cytotoxicity. Light micrographs of proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures demonstrated cell damage by pyelonephritogenic strains that was not induced by a fecal strain or the hemolysin-deficient mutant. Results indicate that pyelonephritogenic E. coli strains are more frequently cytotoxic for a putative target, that is, human renal tubular epithelium, than are fecal isolates. Hemolysin, in some strains, is apparently responsible for this cytotoxicity.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Mobley HL,Green DM,Trifillis AL,Johnson DE,Chippendale GR,Lockatell CV,Jones BD,Warren JWdoi
10.1128/IAI.58.5.1281-1289.1990subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-05-01 00:00:00pages
1281-9issue
5eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Histoplasma capsulatum induces a cell-mediated immune response in the lungs and lymphoid organs of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the progression of the cytokine and inflammatory reactions in the lungs of mice infected intranasally with H. capsulatum. We measured cytokine mRNA levels and determined the inflammato...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.4.1473-1481.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is the standard measure of T-cell responsiveness to infectious organisms. For leprosy, the Mitsuda reaction, a local immune response to cutaneous challenge with Mycobacterium leprae, is considered to represent a measure of DTH against the pathogen. We analyzed the diversity of the T...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.11.4542-4548.1992
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemiluminescence of human alveolar macrophages (AM) was evaluated in vitro. Unstimulated AM generated chemiluminescence that remained constant during incubation. Addition of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus 502A (HKB) or a chemical agent, phorbol myristate acetate, produced high rates of chemiluminescence that were ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.17.1.117-120.1977
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mapping vectors containing antibiotic resistance markers inserted adjacent to or within different cloned genes from Streptococcus mutans were used to determine the relative positions of these genes on the chromosome. The gtfA, ftf, and scrB genes were inserted into streptococcal mapping vector pVA891 adjacent to an Em...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.3.805-809.1989
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We wished to find a simple, biologically relevant method to evaluate the virulence of dengue viruses for human beings. Since cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage may be important sites of dengue infection in primates, we evaluated the permissiveness of these cells to dengue virus as a correlate of virus virulence. T...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.31.1.102-106.1981
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cure of amebic liver abscess is associated with resistance to recurrent invasive amebiasis and the development of a humoral and cell-mediated immune response. We determined whether human immune sera contain blocking antibody for the 170-kilodalton (kDa) galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc)-binding lectin of...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.10.2327-2331.1987
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During infection, the Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, survives and multiplies within a specialized phagosome that is near neutral pH and does not fuse with host lysosomes. In order to understand the molecular basis of this organism's ability to control its intracellular fate, we have isolated ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumolysin (PLY), an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is known to exert various effects on the host immune cells, including cytokine induction, in addition to its known cytolytic activity as a member of the thiol-activated cytolysins. It is of interest to determine whether cytolytic activity is...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.1.107-113.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently found that strain B31 infection-immune rabbits are completely protected against homologous challenge with large numbers (>10(6)) of host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi (HAB) (E. S. Shang, C. I. Champion, X. Wu, J. T. Skare, D. B. Blanco, J. N. Miller, and M. A. Lovett, Infect. Immun. 68:4189-4199, 2000)...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.1.593-598.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal cell polarity protects epithelial cells against Pseudomonas aeruginosa invasion and cytotoxicity. Using epithelial cell clones with selective defects in sorting of membrane constituents, and using hepatocyte growth factor pretreatment, we found that polarized susceptibility to P. aeruginosa can be altered witho...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.7.3443-3446.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize the mechanism by which interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits Th1 responses to intracellular pathogens, we evaluated the interaction between IL-10 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persons across the spectrum of tuberculou...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.3.913-918.1996
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytokine response to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was assessed in a murine infection model and the role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), a cytokine that is crucial for host defenses against intracellular pathogens, was investigated by using IFN-gamma-deficient mice. The agent of HGE (aoHGE) i...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.4.1827-1833.2000
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we isolated a high-molecular-weight immunogenic polysaccharide (designated PS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 (IT-1). The method which we used was modified to permit the isolation of a similar PS from P. aeruginosa IT-2. This antigen was composed primarily of carbohydrate, had a complex monosacch...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.34.2.461-468.1981
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus species are saprophytic molds causing life-threatening invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. Innate immune recognition, in particular, the mechanisms of opsonization and complement activation, has been reported to be an integral part of the defense against fungi. We have shown that the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00032-13
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbicidal myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system strongly inhibits Escherichia coli DNA synthesis. Also, cell envelopes from MPO-treated E. coli cells lose their ability to interact with hemimethylated DNA sequences of oriC, the chromosomal origin of replication, raising the prospect that suppression of DNA...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.6.2655-2659.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PcP) is a clinically important infection of immunocompromised patients. Although the interaction of Pneumocystis with the alveolar epithelium has been well documented, very little information regarding the epithelial response to Pneumocystis is currently available. In order to study Pne...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.5.2766-2777.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is an important pathogen causing food-borne gastroenteritis or septicemia. Recent genome sequencing of the RIMD2210633 strain (a Kanagawa phenomenon-positive clinical isolate of serotype O3:K6) revealed that the strain has two sets of gene clusters that encode...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.74.2.1032-1042.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of glycosylinositol phospholipid 1 (GIPL-1) of Leishmania (Leishmania) major in the interaction of promastigotes and amastigotes with macrophages was analyzed. Monoclonal antibody MEST-1, which recognizes glycolipids containing terminal galactofuranose (Galf) residues (E. Suzuki, M. S. Toledo, H. K. Takahashi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.12.6592-6596.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) is an abundant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein of Plasmodium falciparum, which is a potential component of a malaria vaccine. As all forms of MSP2 can be categorized into two allelic families, a vaccine containing two representative forms of MSP2 may overcome the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00665-12
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice injected intravenously with a commercially available extract of Coxiella burnetii prepared for use as the antigen in the complement fixation diagnostic test for Q fever were subsequently resistant to infection with Babesia microti, Babesia rodhaini, and Plasmodium vinckei petteri. The parasites appeared to die in...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.24.2.319-325.1979
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal dysfunction can occur in the course of sepsis without meningitis. Sepsis-associated neuronal damage (SAND) was observed in the hippocampus within hours in experimental pneumococcal bacteremia. Intravascular challenge with purified bacterial cell wall recapitulated SAND. SAND persisted in PAFr(-/-) mice but wa...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00022-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella pathogenicity island 12 (SPI-12) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a 15-kb region that encompasses genes STM2230 to STM2245 and encodes a remnant phage known to contribute to bacterial virulence. In mouse infection experiments and replication assays in macrophages, we demonstrated a role for fou...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00067-13
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative facultative intracellular parasite of macrophages. Although L. pneumophila is the causative agent of a severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease, it is likely that most infections caused by this organism are cleared by the host innate immune system. It is predicted that ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02049-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) family is a major target of the humoral immune response during Leishmania donovani infection. A recombinant fusion protein was recognized by sera from 92% (35 of 38) of patients with visceral leishmaniasis, including representatives from each of the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.7.2688-2693.1992
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spirochetes have been implicated as potential etiologic agents of periodontitis in humans. Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for a serogroup of Treponema denticola, an oral spirochete, were developed and characterized in this study. Antibodies secreted by clone IAA11 were judged to be the most useful, since...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.1.60-63.1988
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen referred to as CneF with chemically defined cryptococcal antigen fractions isolated by Cherniak and co-workers by using double immunodiffusion gels, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblots, and footpad reactivity of immunized mice. The three previously descri...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.2.424-431.1988
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pretreatment with multiple doses of polymyxin B and colistimethate was evaluated as to its ability to sequester sufficient antibiotic in tissues to neutralize the effects of endotoxin in three animal models. Animals were challenged with endotoxin 24, 48, or 72 h after the last dose of antibiotic when there was minimal...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.10.2.287-292.1974
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of Bacillus anthracis toxin production in culture and its lethal activity in rats, mice, and guinea pigs were investigated. Lethal toxin activity was produced in vitro throughout exponential growth at essentially identical rates in both encapsulated virulent and nonencapsulated avirulent strains. The two ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.45.3.761-767.1984
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified and concentrated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus derived from tissue cultures, rendered noninfectious by ionizing radiation with retention of in vitro serological activity, also retained a high level of immunogenicity. In mice, fluid vaccines afforded excellent protection against lethal challenge w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.3.4.574-579.1971
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of phagocytosis-stimulating factor (PSF) derived from polymorphonuclear neutrophils on macrophage functions were studied. PSF enhanced the initial rate of phagocytosis of serum-opsonized zymosan particles by macrophages, whereas it did not affect the phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G-sensitized and inert zy...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.8.1762-1766.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00