Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which clinician-educators agree on definitions of critical thinking and to determine whether their descriptions of critical thinking in clinical practice are consistent with these definitions. METHODS:Ninety-seven medical educators at five medical schools were surveyed. Respondents were asked to define critical thinking, to describe a clinical scenario in which critical thinking would be important, and to state the actions of a clinician in that situation who was thinking critically and those of another who was not. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify patterns and themes. RESULTS:The definitions mostly described critical thinking as a process or an ability; a minority of respondents described it as a personal disposition. In the scenarios, however, the majority of the actions manifesting an absence of critical thinking resulted from heuristic thinking and a lack of cognitive effort, consistent with a dispositional approach, rather than a lack of ability to analyse or synthesise. CONCLUSIONS:If we are to foster critical thinking among medical students, we must reconcile the way it is defined with the manner in which clinician-educators describe critical thinking--and its absence--in action. Such a reconciliation would include consideration of clinicians' sensitivity to complexity and their inclination to exert cognitive effort, in addition to their ability to master material and process information.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Krupat E,Sprague JM,Wolpaw D,Haidet P,Hatem D,O'Brien Bdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03910.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
625-35issue
6eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:This paper describes the process of validating the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) for use with postgraduate health care professionals. CONTEXT:The RIPLS questionnaire has proved useful in the undergraduate context, enabling tutors to assess the readiness of students to engage in interprofe...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02442.x
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report considers the implications for medical education of a global survey of the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of medical students regarding tobacco. This was conducted in 42 countries derived from all continents. A total of 9326 students (44% women) from 51 medical schools replied anonymously to a multiple...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02697.x
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current status of teaching on spirituality in medicine in UK medical schools and to establish if and how medical schools are preparing future doctors to identify patients' spiritual needs. METHODS:We carried out a national questionnaire survey using a 2-part questionnaire. Section A contai...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02980.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The primary goal of discussing patient cases during the morning report is to teach appropriate clinical decision making. In addition, the selection of the best diagnostic strategy and application of evidence-based patient care are important. Reducing hospital costs is fundamental to controlling inflation in hea...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12152
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1979, the College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria embarked on a new curriculum, which places more emphasis on primary health care in line with the needs of the country. This paper discusses one aspect of the primary health care course, family planning, which involves teaching a practical subject to a large number of st...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01040.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe a pilot course in personal and professional development, entitled 'Becoming a doctor: the first step' and our suggestions for what might be incorporated into future courses. SETTING AND CONTEXT:Leeds Medical School begins a new curriculum in September 1999 with a proportion of the first 3 years b...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00575.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Although peer-assisted learning (PAL) is widely employed throughout medical education, its effectiveness for training in technical procedures in skills laboratories has been subject to little systematic investigation. We conducted a prospective, randomised trial to evaluate the hypotheses that PAL is effecti...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03252.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We describe the steps taken to develop an appropriate list of 'clinical problems' used to define the content of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) component of the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) examination. METHOD:A blueprint and list of 255 clinical problems was c...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00553.x
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The training of caring physicians represents an important goal of medical education. Little is known however, on whether medical faculty constitute good role models for teaching humanistic skills to medical students. In this study, we examined to what extent medical students at innovative and ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00543.x
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of 3 years' ethics teaching (30 hours mainly small group teaching in year 1, 14 hours mainly lecture-type teaching in years 2 and 3) on students' proposed behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas. DESIGN:Cohort design. SETTING:University of Glasgow Medical School. SUBJECTS:A cohort...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01176.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Computerised learning clearly offers exciting potential for improving student learning, either as an aid to or as a replacement for traditional formats, or for the development of innovative approaches. However, rigorous evaluation of the utility of computer-aided learning (CAL) in enhancing student learning ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01892.x
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To establish which personal and contextual factors are predictive of successful outcomes in postgraduate medical education. METHOD:We performed a follow-up study of 118 doctors on a postgraduate occupational health training programme on the management of mental health problems. The following personal and conte...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01846.x
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The supervision of specialty registrars during on-call shifts is essential to ensure the quality of both health care and medical education, but has been identified as a major novelty and stressor for new consultants in the transition from specialty training. There is a paucity of research on how consultants dea...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12129
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper is to examine how to apply the science of learning to medical education. SCIENCE OF LEARNING The science of learning is the scientific study of how people learn. Multimedia learning - learning from words and pictures - is particularly relevant to medical education. The cognitive theory...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03624.x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the importance of psycho-social factors in medicine is increasingly stressed, it is believed that attitudes towards psycho-social issues in medicine should be taken into account in the selection of medical students. The first step of a longitudinal study concerning the impact of medical studies on the students of a...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02271.x
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Although work-based assessments (WBA) may come closest to assessing habitual performance, their use for summative purposes is not undisputed. Most criticism of WBA stems from approaches to validity consistent with the quantitative psychometric framework. However, there is increasing research evidence that indic...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/medu.12289
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper outlines one component, the project, which in 4 years became an integral part of the Human Ecology course at the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Glasgow. Although it is to be retained in some form, it would seem that the full potential of the device for medical undergraduates has not b...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01012.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The recommendations of the General Medical Council in Tomorrow's Doctors renewed efforts to define core knowledge in undergraduate medical education. They also encouraged better use of the medical knowledge base in nurturing clinical judgement, critical thinking, and reflective practice. What then does the medi...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00428.x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study represents an initial evaluation of the first year (F1) of the Foundation Assessment Programme (FAP), in line with Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB) assessment principles. METHODS:Descriptive analyses were undertaken for total number of encounters, assessors and trainees, ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03249.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of a stress reduction elective on Year 2 medical students and to assess the sustainability of any noted improvement. METHODS:A new elective entitled 'Mind-Body Medicine: an Experiential Elective' was offered to Year 2 medical students. It was based on a course developed by the Ce...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2929.2007.02685.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent review article, Colliver concluded that there was no convincing evidence that problem-based learning was more effective than conventional methods. He then went on to lay part of the blame on cognitive psychology, claiming that 'the theory is weak, its theoretical concepts are imprecise. the basic research ...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Due to the high volume and acuity of mental health issues presented by graduate and professional students nationwide, this study explored specific mental health needs in students in order to identify credible areas for intervention. METHODS:An assessment tool was created for this project, which identified sati...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2929.2004.01812.x
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the cueing effects inherent in conventional multiple choice questions (MCQs) present serious limitations, this format continues to dominate testing programmes. The present study was undertaken to estimate the effects of cueing when MCQs are used to test medical students, and to evaluate the reliability, valid...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00284.x
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Rapid advances in the field of genetics continue to present medical educators with significant challenges. Whilst there is undoubtedly a pressing need to educate doctors about genetic disorders, research and therapies, there is a parallel need to provide a context for all of these. CONTENT:An interdisciplin...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01433.x
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The General Medical Council's document 'Tomorrow's Doctors' (1993, GMC, London) recommended major changes in the undergraduate curricula of UK medical schools. In Nottingham, the fourth-year psychiatric attachment became shorter in duration, and interactive, problem-oriented, workshop-based learning replaced lectures....
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00162.x
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A review of the literature on clinical teaching indicates that medical schools emphasize didactic teaching of facts. Interpersonal skills, problem solving skills and cultivation of attitudes are neglected. However, the literature also described the skills of 'good' clinical teachers, and enumerates them. Programmes at...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb00927.x
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to explore the following questions: (1) Do residents perceive training focused on infancy and early childhood care issues as more clinically applicable than training focused on care of older children and adolescents? (2) Do residents at different training levels differ in their evaluation of behaviou...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00900.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An elective modules programme in the behavioural sciences was designed for the undergraduate medical curriculum at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. The programme provides a mechanism by which a broad range of behavioural science content can be introduced into the curriculum without increased allocation o...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01469.x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This article discusses the need for, and value of, providing students with instruction in how to use comprehension strategies as well as the effectiveness of inducing strategy use through cognitive disequilibrium. The leading assumption that guides this article is that learning facts and figures is not enoug...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03550.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Despite the wealth of literature surrounding communication curricula within medical education, there is a lack of in-depth research into medical students' perceptions of communication skills assessment. This study aims to address this gap in the research literature. METHODS:Five focus group discussions we...
journal_title：Medical education
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01300.x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
