Abstract:
CONTEXT:Although work-based assessments (WBA) may come closest to assessing habitual performance, their use for summative purposes is not undisputed. Most criticism of WBA stems from approaches to validity consistent with the quantitative psychometric framework. However, there is increasing research evidence that indicates that the assumptions underlying the predictive, deterministic framework of psychometrics may no longer hold. In this discussion paper we argue that meaningfulness and appropriateness of current validity evidence can be called into question and that we need alternative strategies to assessment and validity inquiry that build on current theories of learning and performance in complex and dynamic workplace settings. METHODS:Drawing from research in various professional fields we outline key issues within the mechanisms of learning, competence and performance in the context of complex social environments and illustrate their relevance to WBA. In reviewing recent socio-cultural learning theory and research on performance and performance interpretations in work settings, we demonstrate that learning, competence (as inferred from performance) as well as performance interpretations are to be seen as inherently contextualised, and can only be under-stood 'in situ'. Assessment in the context of work settings may, therefore, be more usefully viewed as a socially situated interpretive act. DISCUSSION:We propose constructivist-interpretivist approaches towards WBA in order to capture and understand contextualised learning and performance in work settings. Theoretical assumptions underlying interpretivist assessment approaches call for a validity theory that provides the theoretical framework and conceptual tools to guide the validation process in the qualitative assessment inquiry. Basic principles of rigour specific to qualitative research have been established, and they can and should be used to determine validity in interpretivist assessment approaches. If used properly, these strategies generate trustworthy evidence that is needed to develop the validity argument in WBA, allowing for in-depth and meaningful information about professional competence.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Govaerts M,van der Vleuten CPdoi
10.1111/medu.12289subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-12-01 00:00:00pages
1164-74issue
12eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract:CONTEXT:The banner of patient-centredness flies over many academic institutions; however, the practice and teaching of medicine remain oriented to disease. This incongruence is the result of an original Flexnerian dichotomy between the basic and clinical sciences and is maintained by a more recent distinction between d...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02905.x
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The lack of published studies into effective skills teaching in clinical skills centres inspired this study of student views of the teaching behaviours of skills teachers. METHODS:We organised focus group discussions with students from Years 1-3 of a 6-year undergraduate medical curriculum. A total of 30 ra...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03283.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical specialties are being intensively reconsidered in the countries of Europe. The important need is for promoting improvement of educational training programmes. Evaluation and improvement of specialist training programmes is the priority and not the setting up of qualifying examinations. The first necessity ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00274.x
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Recently several authors have drawn parallels between educational research and some theories of natural science, in particular complexity theory and chaos theory. The central claim is that both the natural science theories are useful metaphors for education research in that they deal with phenomena that involve...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03945.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Although medical students receive varied feedback throughout their training programmes, research demonstrates that they frequently perceive it as insufficient. However, supervisors tend to perceive that it is adequate. Students' responses to, and use of, feedback are not clearly understood. The purposes of this...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04291.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Patients may participate in teaching in many ways, in different settings and with different degrees of expert supervision. The majority of patients are generally very willing to participate in teaching. At times, however, patients may decline to see students because they are too sick, wish to maintain their pri...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02948.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop and demonstrate the team working behaviors and skills that will lead to positive patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to identify and critically appraise the assessment tools used after a pre-licensure IPE int...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.14453
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03935.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the results of the project 'Assessment of Undergraduate Medical Education: Re-inventing the Wheel?' funded by the Nuffield Trust. The project was initiated in order to obtain information on current assessment practices in medical schools across the UK, to determine the extent of change as a conse...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.0340s1001.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb00962.x
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry before and after their final (sixth) year psychiatric clerkship at a large psychiatric hospital were measured. We anticipated that exposure to severe, chronic psychiatric illness would affect student attitudes, and we undertook this study to investigate the direction and p...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02870.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.13519
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb02568.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02172.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Medical students are expected to self-regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self-regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co-regulated lea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14018
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03394.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00284.x
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00204.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a teaching programme, for use in general practice vocational training, which provides a theoretical and practical framework for exploring key aspects of the consultation with trainees. A particular emphasis is on the educational or 'cognitive' outcomes of the consultation and skills for improving ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01022.x
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13748
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01328.x
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03093.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.13117
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02410.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00674.x
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02442.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Learning to value ethnic diversity is the appreciation of how variations in culture and background may affect health care. It involves acknowledging and responding to an individual's culture in its broadest sense. This requires learning the skills to negotiate effective communication, a heightened awarenes...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00474.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Most medical schools in the UK have been engaged in major curriculum reform based on their premises of what might improve undergraduate medical education. In 1994 the course at the medical school of the University of Manchester changed to an integrated course using problem-based learning throughout and wit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01105.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In collaboration with aid agencies and government health workers, Save the Children Fund medical staff have been involved in the training of primary health care workers in the Sahel region of upper Volta. This report deals specifically with the problems involved in training illiterate health workers. ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1982.tb01233.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Reflection has been considered crucial to learning. Engaging in reflection while solving problems is expected to foster identification of knowledge gaps and interest in learning more about them, the latter being a major motivational force in learning. Although theoretically sound, this assumption still lacks em...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13491
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00