Abstract:
CONTEXT:'Transfer' is the application of a previously learned concept to solve a new problem in another context. Transfer is essential for basic science education because, to be valuable, basic science knowledge must be transferred to clinical problem solving. Therefore, better understanding of interventions that enhance the transfer of basic science knowledge to clinical reasoning is essential. This review systematically identifies interventions described in the health professions education (HPE) literature that document the transfer of basic science knowledge to clinical reasoning, and considers teaching and assessment strategies. METHODS:A systematic search of the literature was conducted. Articles related to basic science teaching at the undergraduate level in HPE were analysed using a 'transfer out'/'transfer in' conceptual framework. 'Transfer out' refers to the application of knowledge developed in one learning situation to the solving of a new problem. 'Transfer in' refers to the use of previously acquired knowledge to learn from new problems or learning situations. RESULTS:Of 9803 articles initially identified, 627 studies were retrieved for full text evaluation; 15 were included in the literature review. A total of 93% explored 'transfer out' to clinical reasoning and 7% (one article) explored 'transfer in'. Measures of 'transfer out' fostered by basic science knowledge included diagnostic accuracy over time and in new clinical cases. Basic science knowledge supported learning - 'transfer in' - of new related content and ultimately the 'transfer out' to diagnostic reasoning. Successful teaching strategies included the making of connections between basic and clinical sciences, the use of commonsense analogies, and the study of multiple clinical problems in multiple contexts. Performance on recall tests did not reflect the transfer of basic science knowledge to clinical reasoning. CONCLUSIONS:Transfer of basic science knowledge to clinical reasoning is an essential component of HPE that requires further development for implementation and scholarship.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Castillo JM,Park YS,Harris I,Cheung JJH,Sood L,Clark MD,Kulasegaram K,Brydges R,Norman G,Woods Ndoi
10.1111/medu.13519subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
592-604issue
6eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The inconsistency of the marking in clinical examinations is a well documented problem. This project identified some of the factors responsible for this inconsistency. A standardized rating situation was devised. Five students were videotaped as they performed part of a physical examination on simulated patients. Eigh...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02379.x
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many epidemiological studies have shown the magnitude and seriousness of mental disorders in developing countries. However, mental health care remains unsatisfactory owing to lack of skilled manpower and many other social and medical priorities. General practitioners and other health personnel can significantly help i...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01374.x
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Musculoskeletal disease in the community is common, and much of it responds to early diagnosis and preventive care. At the same time, modern orthopaedics, like so many specialist subjects, has increased significantly in depth and detail pari passu with its advances. It therefore becomes all the more important in desig...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb00914.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Homeless people have greater health care needs than those who are housed, yet often experience difficulty in accessing health care. Evidence suggests that the attitudes of doctors can create significant barriers to health care for homeless people. METHODS:A validated structured questionnaire, the Attitudes ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01625.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The primary goal of discussing patient cases during the morning report is to teach appropriate clinical decision making. In addition, the selection of the best diagnostic strategy and application of evidence-based patient care are important. Reducing hospital costs is fundamental to controlling inflation in hea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12152
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using a novel longitudinal tracking project, this study develops and evaluates the performance of a predictive model and index of rural medical practice intention based on the characteristics of incoming medical students. METHODS:Medical school entry survey data were obtained from the Medical Schools Outcom...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03506.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to analyse the evolution of student populations--undergraduates and graduates--in the 11 Belgian medical schools from 1969 to 1982. During this period, an overall 44% drop in the number of entrants was observed, while the number of medical graduates continued to rise until 1977, when it ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00810.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In collaboration with aid agencies and government health workers, Save the Children Fund medical staff have been involved in the training of primary health care workers in the Sahel region of upper Volta. This report deals specifically with the problems involved in training illiterate health workers. ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1982.tb01233.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pre-registration house officers who answered enquiries in 1973 and 1974 about career preferences were written to again in 1976. This yielded 205 comparisons, in which 134 (65.5%) doctors retained their original first choice of career, thirty-five (17%) opted for their previous second or third choice and thirty-six (17...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1978.tb00499.x
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences at the University of Aberdeen viewed the use of Computer Assisted Leaning (CAL) and other IT based learning resources as a possible way of coping with an increase in student numbers whilst maintaining or increasing the quality of medical teaching. OBJECTIVES:Our pri...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00270.x
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03856.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Practice inevitably narrows over time. Therefore, testing of established doctors requires that their assessment be tailored to a far narrower practice than is appropriate for testing of new doctors who have not yet differentiated. In this paper, we address the conceptual challenges of tailoring physician assessment to...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01310.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Medical students are expected to self-regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self-regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co-regulated lea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14018
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Educational programmes for family practice should develop family counselling skills of students to moderate levels of competence. Few specific training programmes are part of the regular curriculum and of these few are evaluated. Twenty-three residents enrolled in a 2-year family practice programme in Toronto, Canada ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02656.x
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The General Medical Council's document 'Tomorrow's Doctors' (1993, GMC, London) recommended major changes in the undergraduate curricula of UK medical schools. In Nottingham, the fourth-year psychiatric attachment became shorter in duration, and interactive, problem-oriented, workshop-based learning replaced lectures....
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00162.x
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:As part of curriculum evaluation, management and quality assurance strategies, many undergraduate medical schools are in the process of constructing computer-based curriculum maps. METHODS:A survey was distributed to Canadian and UK medical schools to determine the current status, characteristics, and challeng...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03093.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Although communication with patients is essential to health care, education designed to develop patient-centred communication often ignores patients' voices. Patient stories may offer a means to explore patient experiences to inform patient-centred communication skills education design. OBJECTIVES:Our research...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13612
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of 3 years' ethics teaching (30 hours mainly small group teaching in year 1, 14 hours mainly lecture-type teaching in years 2 and 3) on students' proposed behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas. DESIGN:Cohort design. SETTING:University of Glasgow Medical School. SUBJECTS:A cohort...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01176.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Although competence committees (CCs) are most often conceptualised as group decision-making bodies, policy documents forward a more ambitious vision and outline several additional roles for CCs that support the continuous quality improvement of education programmes and promote formative feedback. However, wheth...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14072
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative effectiveness of videotape feedback and lecture methods for teaching alcohol brief intervention skills. DESIGN:In a controlled trial, two student blocks received a manual, lecture and demonstration about the principles and practice of brief alcohol intervention. In addition, experiment...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00378.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The learning styles and preferences of health professionals have been studied increasingly over the past decade, yet few relationships have been found between doctors' career choices and learning styles. One of the problems of relating learning styles to specialty choice is that learning style instruments measure how ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00697.x
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of consistency in student ratings of teacher effectiveness during the first year of medical school. Student ratings of teaching effectiveness represent a commonly used source of information that enters into the academic decision-making process. In medical school, stud...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00419.x
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Modern postgraduate medical training requires both accurate and reliable selection procedures. An essential first step is to conduct detailed job analysis studies. This paper reports data on a series of job analyses to develop a competency model for three secondary care specialties (anaesthesia, obstetrics an...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03174.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years student ratings have been used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various courses and the teaching abilities of the instructors involved. Investigators have either supported or attacked the validity of this assessment procedure on the basis of the direction and degree of the relationship found be...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1978.tb00337.x
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Undergraduate medical education in Britain has been in a state of change since before the introduction of the National Health Service. Since then the changes in the General Medical Councils's recommendations concerning the medical curriculum (1947, 1957, 1967) have accompanied attention to curricular content, and the ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1976.tb01484.x
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to provide some insight into the manner and degree of students' acquisition of practical skills. One hundred and fifty-two of a total of 166 students in a medical clerkship during the first clinical year answered a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained fifty-eight different laboratory test...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb00962.x
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The work of five principals in a teaching general practice was audited to examine differences in prescribing, investigation and follow-up between teaching and service work over a 3-week period. The patients seen in clinical teaching were found to be representative of those consulting in normal service sessions for bot...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02407.x
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Authentic early experience (AEE) describes experiences provided to new medical students to undertake 'human contact' to enhance learning. Although the concept of AEE is not new, and was commonplace prior to the Flexner Report of 1910, little is known about how or why meaning and knowledge are constructed throug...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04287.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether admission interviews could differentiate applicants on their personal qualities (such as integrity, empathy and commitment) 456 applicants from two medical schools were tested on the Defining Issues Test (DIT), which measures the amount of principled or post-conventional moral reasoning. No differ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01297.x
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Interprofessional education (IPE) aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop and demonstrate the team working behaviors and skills that will lead to positive patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to identify and critically appraise the assessment tools used after a pre-licensure IPE int...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.14453
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00