Abstract:
CONTEXT:Recently several authors have drawn parallels between educational research and some theories of natural science, in particular complexity theory and chaos theory. The central claim is that both the natural science theories are useful metaphors for education research in that they deal with phenomena that involve many variables interacting in complex, non-linear and unstable ways, and leading to effects that are neither reproducible nor comprehensible. METHODS:This paper presents a counter-argument. I begin by carefully examining the concepts of uncertainty, complexity and chaos, as described in physical science. I distinguish carefully between systems that are, respectively, complex, chaotic and complicated. I demonstrate that complex and chaotic systems have highly specific characteristics that are unlikely to be present in education systems. I then suggest that, in fact, there is ample evidence that human learning can be understood adequately with conventional linear models. CONCLUSIONS:The implications of these opposing world views are substantial. If education science has the properties of complex or chaotic systems, we should abandon any attempt at control or understanding. However, as I point out, to do so would ignore a number of recent developments in our understanding of learning that hold promise to yield substantial improvements in effectiveness and efficiency of learning.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Norman Gdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03945.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
549-59issue
6eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract:CONTEXT:Apprenticeship learning is common in medical education, but is often situated in theoretical frameworks which highlight its cognitive but not its social dimension. METHODS:We conducted an ethnographic case study of paediatric residents' learning relationships with their preceptors in a community-based paediatr...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03121.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new teaching programme for fourth-year medical students in child health in Harare, Zimbabwe is outlined. A 2-week attachment to a rural district-level hospital is intended to orient the students to primary health care and to the practice of clinical medicine in a low resource environment. The attachment has become p...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1987.tb00506.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Despite increasing numbers of publications, science often fails to significantly improve patient care. Clinician-scientists, professionals who combine care and research activities, play an important role in helping to solve this problem. However, despite the ascribed advantages of connecting scientific knowledg...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13241
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The teaching of ethics to medical students has recently become a topic of much importance to all concerned with medical education. However, those most involved, the students themselves, have been consulted very little. This paper reports the views of a sample of medical students at Oxford University on what ethics tea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00401.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of 3 years' ethics teaching (30 hours mainly small group teaching in year 1, 14 hours mainly lecture-type teaching in years 2 and 3) on students' proposed behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas. DESIGN:Cohort design. SETTING:University of Glasgow Medical School. SUBJECTS:A cohort...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01176.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical education is primarily about training physicians and maintaining their capabilities over time. Given that physicians are the primary focus of the field, there is a need for a clear idea of what physicians are or could be. This paper seeks to explore this issue by posing the simple question: ?Where do physician...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13095
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the importance of psycho-social factors in medicine is increasingly stressed, it is believed that attitudes towards psycho-social issues in medicine should be taken into account in the selection of medical students. The first step of a longitudinal study concerning the impact of medical studies on the students of a...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1980.tb02271.x
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The long and demanding course of medical education may be accompanied by distress with serious consequences. This study was conducted to assess the multidimensional health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in medical students in different stages of medical education and its associations with behavioural and s...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/medu.12247
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Adequate medical education has 3 interrelated aspects: theoretical knowledge, practical skills and the personal attitude of the doctor. The current emphasis on medical science diverts attention from the importance of the attitude aspect of medical education. We argue that the integration of palliative care into...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01635.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With increasing numbers of general practitioners wishing to provide child health surveillance during the 1980s and the expected further increase with the 1990 General Practice Contract, a course in child health surveillance was developed. The content of the course was determined by a needs assessment of Welsh general ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02838.x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Most medical schools in the UK have been engaged in major curriculum reform based on their premises of what might improve undergraduate medical education. In 1994 the course at the medical school of the University of Manchester changed to an integrated course using problem-based learning throughout and wit...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01105.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:It is important to know how patients are affected by becoming opportunistically involved in medical student education. In previous studies, researchers rather than patients set the research agenda and expert patients or people well known to teachers were more often involved than ordinary people. OBJECTIVES:Thi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04332.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the ways in which total resources available for the Service Increment for Teaching (SIFT) have been determined and related to numbers of undergraduate medical students; and the development and current arrangements for allocating SIFT to the providers of service support for teaching. DESIGN:The d...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00310.x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The assessment of ethical problem solving in medicine has been controversial and challenging. The purposes of this study were: (i) to create a new instrument to measure doctors' decisions on and reasoning approach towards resolving ethical problems; (ii) to evaluate the scores generated by the new instrument fo...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03516.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random survey of 400 doctors was carried out over a period of 3 months to determine the factors that would facilitate or inhibit the participation of doctors in continuing medical education (CME) in Malaysia. Regular participation in CME was defined as participation in any activity (self-directed reading or attendin...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00091.x
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elective modules programme in the behavioural sciences was designed for the undergraduate medical curriculum at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. The programme provides a mechanism by which a broad range of behavioural science content can be introduced into the curriculum without increased allocation o...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01469.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:As a contribution to this special issue commemorating the journal's 50th volume, this paper seeks to explore directions for national licensing examinations (NLEs) in medicine. Increases in the numbers of new medical schools and the mobility of doctors across national borders mean that NLEs are becoming even mor...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12810
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of the new Open University distance learning pack on coronary heart disease to a selected group of Welsh general practitioners has been evaluated. The most commonly perceived disadvantages were the amount of time required to study the pack, the cost of buying it and the work involved in implementing i...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00801.x
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The importance of training health professionals for work in an ethnically diverse society is increasingly recognized. However, health educators may lack confidence or experience in delivering such teaching, contributing to a self-perpetuating inertia. OBJECTIVES:To identify current experience and challenges...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00880.x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Self-efficacy is an important factor in many areas of medical education, including self-assessment and self-directed learning, but has been little studied in resuscitation training, possibly because of the lack of a simple measurement instrument. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the validity of a visual analogue s...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02950.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The General Medical Council has issued a call for an increase in community-based medical education, and many medical schools are enhancing the community component of their curricula. This paper uses the experience of a community-based junior medical firm to explore the potential costs, and highlight some of the unreso...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02804.x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Due to the high volume and acuity of mental health issues presented by graduate and professional students nationwide, this study explored specific mental health needs in students in order to identify credible areas for intervention. METHODS:An assessment tool was created for this project, which identified sati...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2929.2004.01812.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Simulated clinical immersion (SCI), in which clinical situations are simulated in a realistic environment, safely and gradually exposes novices to complex problems. Given their limited experience, undergraduate students can potentially be quite overwhelmed by SCI learning tasks, which may result in misleading l...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13748
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:arts-based interventions, which aim to foster understanding of the patient's perspective and to enhance communication skills, have been part of the medical curriculum for several years. This review aims to evaluate the available evidence base for their effectiveness and to suggest the nature of future work. ME...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03848.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of the study was to explore the different ways in which doctors have learned to teach and train. INTRODUCTION:There is no coherent theory of medical teacher development. Doctors are experts in what they teach; most have had little or no training in how they teach. Research has mostly concentrated on the ac...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02335.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is inconclusive debate within the literature as to whether the best problem-based learning (PBL) tutors are subject experts or not. The debate hinges on whether knowledgeable tutors are tempted to intervene too often in PBL discussions compared to non-expert tutors, and whether the latter may not be ab...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01406.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to examine similarities and differences between graduating medical students who do and do not match through the National Internship and Resident Matching Programme (NIRMP). Data from graduates of 3- and 4-year undergraduate curricula were examined separately. A two way analysis of variance...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb01530.x
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Prescribing practices impact greatly on drug use and expenditure. The situation in developing countries is often compounded by a limited health budget. Furthermore, because of role substitution in these countries, prescribers are often not formally trained in rational prescribing. The study described in this...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01000.x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Medical residents can play key roles in improving health care quality by speaking up and giving suggestions for improvements. However, previous research on speaking up by medical residents has shown that speaking up is difficult for residents. This study explored: (i) whether two main aspects of medical resi...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13951
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Curriculum renewal is an essential and continual process for undergraduate medical education programmes. Although there is substantial literature on the critical role of leadership in successful curricular change, the voices of frontline faculty teachers implementing such change have not been explored. We aimed...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12529
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00