Abstract:
:Difficulty monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana (MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6 locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15 NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the inability to discontinue use.
journal_name
Exp Clin Psychopharmacoljournal_title
Experimental and clinical psychopharmacologyauthors
Gruber SA,Silveri MM,Dahlgren MK,Yurgelun-Todd Ddoi
10.1037/a0023034subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
231-42issue
3eissn
1064-1297issn
1936-2293pii
2011-07471-001journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Prevalence of heavy alcohol use remain high, and daily marijuana use is at an all-time high in young adults. As perceptions of drug effects may guide risky decision making, understanding subjective feelings for alcohol and marijuana use is critical. Existing laboratory-based and diary metrics (0-100 rating of "how dru...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000344
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol and cannabis couse is highly prevalent and associated with various negative consequences. The likelihood of same day couse is high, especially among men, however, underlying mechanisms to their couse and its sex-dependent nature remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the effects of controlled a...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000409
更新日期:2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes a novel procedure for computer-controlled drug-dose determination for IV drug self-administration studies. By modifying the duration of each infusion of a single concentration of a drug solution, five or more unit doses (mg/kg/inj) can be dispensed from the same syringe. The advantages of this pr...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0023037
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varenicline reduces drinking in people with alcohol use disorder, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this effect. Varenicline targets α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are associated with several cognitive functions such as working memory. Varenicline may improve drinking outcomes b...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/pha0000161
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on performance of a time-production task were studied in 17 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who participated in 1 test session on and 1 off MPH. Participants held a response lever down for at least 10 but no longer than 14 s. Administration of MPH had no effe...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.12.1.57
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonmedical use of prescription drugs is a widely recognized public health issue, and young adults are particularly vulnerable to their use. Behavioral economic drug purchase tasks capture an individual's strength of desire and motivation for a particular drug. We examined young adult prescription drug purchase and...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000052
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six features of the report are commented on. First, the Therapeutic Workplace intervention described in the report represents a creative and promising new approach to drug abuse treatment. Second, to the author's knowledge, it represents the first intervention that has been shown in a randomized clinical trial to sign...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.9.1.27
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the association between the heart rate (HR) response to alcohol intoxication, which is thought to reflect sensitivity to alcohol-induced reward and alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition. High- and low-HR responders to alcohol participated in a go/no-go task, under sober and intoxicated condition...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.3.377
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study shows that a moderate dose of alcohol (0.62 g/kg) can impair cognitive processes controlling behavioral inhibition and flexibility (i.e., inhibiting one response and making a different one). Two groups of male social drinkers (n = 8) received alcohol or a placebo and performed two change tasks that required...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.8.3.387
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is proposed that potential drug cues are evaluated preattentively, are prioritized, and subsequently trigger somatovisceral, behavioral, and cognitive responses. Throughout, this information processing is subjected to automatized attentional and interpretative biases. These processes can enhance subjective awarenes...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.10.2.67
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing literature supports the five-factor model (FFM) of personality (i.e., Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Intellect or Openness) as a comprehensive representation of stable aspects of mood, affect, and behavior. This study evaluated the FFM as a framework for both self-per...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0036607
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic measure of impulsivity that has been consistently associated with addiction. It has also been identified as a promising addiction endophenotype, linking specific sources of genetic variation to individual risk. A challenge in the studies to date is that levels ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000227
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy drinking among college students is a public health concern in part due to the accessibility of alcohol and promotions such as "happy hours," which discount the price of alcohol. In addition, consuming alcohol at unregulated off-campus parties may result in greater alcohol consumption, higher blood alcohol concen...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000360
更新日期:2020-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol use and risky single occasion drinking are common among adolescents and are associated with a higher risk of various negative social, physical, academic, or sexual consequences. Studies have shown that among college students, willingness to experience negative consequences is associated with a higher likelihoo...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000184
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine addiction continues to be the main cause of preventable death in developed countries. Women and teen girls appear to be more vulnerable on certain aspects of nicotine addiction compared with men and boys. While the mechanism of gender differences in nicotine addiction is not yet clear, evidence suggests that ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/a0021265
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxytocin has been shown to decrease cocaine taking and seeking in male rats, suggesting potential treatment efficacy for drug addiction. In the present study, we extended these findings to the assessment of cocaine seeking and taking in female rats. Further, we made direct comparisons of oxytocin's impact on cocaine i...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000058
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smokers are highly reactive to smoking-related cues that are directly linked, or most proximal, to actual smoking behavior (e.g., lit cigarettes). However, over the course of smoking, proximal cues may not be the only stimuli to become strongly associated with smoking. Distal cues, such as the environments in which sm...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.16.3.207
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased discounting (devaluing) of delayed rewards is associated with nearly all types of substance use disorders (SUDs) and is also present in individuals with family histories of SUDs. Early life adversity (ELA) likely contributes to these findings as it is common in both individuals with SUDs and their children a...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000241
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite considerable health risks due to lower levels of estrogen production and the compounding antiestrogenic effects of nicotine, postmenopausal females continue to smoke. These females face significant barriers to cessation, including negative affect, weight concerns, and menopausal symptom severity. The current p...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/pha0000191
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Habitual substance use is associated with attentional bias for stimuli related to the use. The current study tested whether individuals' substance use can be predicted from their attentional bias for concern-related and substance-related stimuli. Participants (N = 71; 54% male) were selected among university students ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0017294
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated several features of polydrug use in rats. Heroin and cocaine were self-administered following responses on different levers, with only 1 drug and 1 lever available on alternate days of training. Four doses of each drug (heroin: 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/kg/infusion; cocaine: 0.25, 0.5, 1, an...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.9.3.297
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two studies were conducted to determine the anger-attenuating effects of nicotine as a function of trait hostility. The 1st study examined the effects of nicotine on diary ratings of anger during a 24-hr period in a natural setting in 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers. Participants took part in 2 monitoring sessions involv...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.7.4.454
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lapses within the first 2 weeks of a smoking cessation attempt are strongly associated with a return to regular smoking (S. L. Kenford et al., 1994). Unfortunately, little is known about how to prevent an initial lapse from progressing to a full relapse, and presently there are no validated lapse-responsive therapeuti...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.4.429
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some abused drugs have been reported to alter performance on naturalistic tasks such as driving and also on laboratory tasks. The performance effects of several drug classes were examined using a repeated measures design. Eight volunteers were administered 2 doses of ethanol, marijuana, amphetamine, hydromorphone, pen...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.5.3.235
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of different response requirements, response-independent cigarette puffs, and an alternative nondrug reinforcer on cigarette smoking were assessed in 2 experiments. The response requirement to obtain 2 puffs on a cigarette was manipulated while various numbers of response-independent puffs were provided (0, 6,...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.5.4.334
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies examining both control and substance-dependent populations have found delay discounting to remain stable over time. In this report, we examine whether delay discounting changes in opioid-dependent individuals who complete a 12-week treatment. The 159 subjects who completed discounting assessments at ba...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0027391
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among patients who are being treated for opioid-dependence, yet there have been limited scientific efforts to promote smoking cessation in this population. Contingency management (CM) is a behavioral treatment that provides monetary incentives contingent upon biochemical evidence ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0022039
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug abuse and obesity are serious public health problems. Dopamine plays a central role in mediating the reinforcing effects of drugs and food. Prolonged use of drugs is known to alter the function and/or sensitivity of many neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine; however, the impact of consuming foods high in ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/pha0000019
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Experiment 1, the effect of repeated injections of 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on food intake and body weight was studied in rats on an activity anorexia (AA) regimen. For several days before CDP testing began, rats lived in activity wheels and had one 60-min meal per day. During CDP testing, ...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//1064-1297.6.4.360
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female inner-city substance users evidence greater crack/cocaine use and are more likely to be dependent on this drug than on any other drug. Additionally, female inner-city substance users evidence greater crack/cocaine use and are more likely to be dependent on this drug than their male counterparts, despite no cons...
journal_title:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.2.165
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00