Abstract：
:Cocaine dependence continues to be a worldwide public health concern. Although the majority of individuals reporting cocaine use do so via the intranasal route, relatively few laboratory experiments have examined the reinforcing effects of cocaine administered intranasally. The purpose of this experiment was to measure the reinforcing effects of intranasal cocaine using a progressive ratio schedule in which eight cocaine-using subjects chose between doses of cocaine (4 [placebo], 15, 30 and 45 mg) and an alternative reinforcer ($0.25). During each session, subjects first sampled the dose of cocaine available that day and then made six choices between that dose and money, which were available on concurrent progressive ratio schedules of responding. Break points for active cocaine doses were higher than those for placebo but no statistically significant active versus placebo dose effects were observed on subject-rated or physiological measures. These data demonstrate that intranasal cocaine functions as a reinforcer under a progressive ratio schedule in humans. Future research should test higher cocaine doses and larger values of the alternative reinforcer. These procedures may be useful for examining the influence of putative pharmacological and behavioral interventions on intranasal cocaine self-administration.
journal_name
Eur J Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of pharmacologyauthors
Stoops WW,Lile JA,Glaser PE,Hays LR,Rush CRdoi
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.055subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-10 00:00:00pages
101-5issue
1-3eissn
0014-2999issn
1879-0712pii
S0014-2999(10)00663-1journal_volume
644pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Paracetamol is one of the first rank drugs which cause hepatic damage during drug intoxications. Endothelin (ET) which is known as one of the most potent vasoactive agent has been shown to contribute in the pathophysiology of various diseases. We hypothesized that bosentan, which is a non-selective ET-1 receptor antag...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.022
更新日期：2014-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The relaxant actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and bethanechol were examined on ring segments of intrapulmonary artery (IPA) isolated from cat lung. On a molar basis, VIP was 75 times more potent than bethanechol; however, VIP was less efficacious than bethanechol in reversing phenylephrine induced tone. ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(83)90039-0
更新日期：1983-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Histamine-induced [3H]inositol monophosphate ([3H]IP1) accumulation in slices of rat cerebral cortex and guinea-pig cerebral cortex and cerebellum was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by Ni2+ ions. The effect of Ni2+ on the concentration-response curve for histamine in rat cerebral cortex was consistent w...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(93)90100-n
更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) have been proposed as inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitters in the rat gastric fundus. The smooth muscle relaxant actions of VIP and NO are medaited by cAMP and cGMP, respectively; therefore the effect of inhibitors of phosphodi...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(92)90421-y
更新日期：1992-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to characterise the 5-HT receptor(s) mediating secretory responses of isolated human colonic mucosa to 5-HT. Sheets of muscle-stripped mucosa from proximal (ascending) and distal (sigmoid) human colon were set up in Ussing chambers for measurement of short-circuit current (Isc). Serosal appli...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(96)00466-9
更新日期：1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of release of enkephalin from rat striatal slices increased 7--10 fold in response to depolarization by 50 mM potassium ions in vitro. The potassium-evoked release of enkephalins was abolished in a calcium deficient medium. Uptake studies indicated that the potassium-stimulated efflux was not due to the inhib...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(78)90331-x
更新日期：1978-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A brain slice preparation was used to examine the effects of galanin on the spontaneous firing rate of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons. Galanin (10(-9)-10(-7) M), added to the bath, inhibited the firing of 14 out of 19 neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The observed effect was quite variable, ranging f...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(89)90481-0
更新日期：1989-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of propofol, pentobarbital, alphaxalone, etomidate and diazepam on t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding to membrane preparations from rat cerebral cortex were studied in the absence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Addition of low concentrations (3-10 microM) of propofol to washed mem...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(94)90172-4
更新日期：1994-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the mechanism of antithrombin III-induced vascular release of endothelins in rat isolated lung. The antithrombin III-stimulated release of big endothelin-1 and endothelin-1 (1.7-fold and 1.3-fold over baseline) was abolished by nicardipine (L-type Ca2+ channel blocker), heparin, and N-acetyl heparin (a...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00124-7
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of prostacyclin (PGI2, 0.5 nmol . kg-1 . min-1,i.v.) on myocardial metabolism was studied in cats subjected to 5 h of myocardial ischemia (MI) and compared to vehicle-treated MI cats. MI was followed by a 52% decrease in ATP and a concomitant increase (2-3 fold) in lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(81)90454-4
更新日期：1981-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic and dopaminergic involvement in hyperthermia induced by a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-releasing drug, p-chloroamphetamine, was investigated in mice. Neither the 5-HT transporter inhibitor fluoxetine nor the 5-HT depleter p-chlorophenylalanine affected p-chloroamphetamine-induced hyperthermia. Th...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01386-3
更新日期：2001-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Acetylenic GABA (100 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited GABA-transaminase activity and caused a several-fold increase in the concentration of GABA in rat brain. This increased GABA concentration was associated with a decreased rate of dopamine depletion following alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine treatment and a decrease in homovanill...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(78)90138-3
更新日期：1978-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiovascular and biochemical responses during acute oxidative stress induced by D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and vascular reactivity were measured after subcutaneous injection of BSO (4 mmol/kg). Control rats received saline. ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02500-1
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Dietary fish oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can modulate a diverse range of factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. This study examined the relative roles of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) which are the principal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rega...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(95)00861-6
更新日期：1996-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:A cDNA clone coding for the guinea pig leukotriene B4 (BLT) receptor has been isolated from a lung cDNA library. The guinea pig BLT receptor has an open reading frame corresponding to 348 amino acids and shares 73% and 70% identity with human and mouse BLT receptors, respectively. Scatchard analysis of membranes prepa...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00514-2
更新日期：1999-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha 1-receptor agonist methoxamine reduced, by a prazosin sensitive mechanism, the nerve stimulation evoked release of norepinephrine in the rat caudal artery. The effect of methoxamine was also antagonized by the purinoceptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline suggesting an involvement of endogenous purin...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(91)90236-j
更新日期：1991-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the molecular pharmacological properties of LR-B/081 (methyl 2-[[4-butyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-5-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5- yl) [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-1 (6H)-pyrimidinyl]methyl]- 3-thiophenecarboxilate), a novel non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. This compound potently displaced [3H]angiote...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(95)90028-4
更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The present studies were carried out to analyze the neurochemical and behavioral effects of peripheral sigma ligand administration in the rat. Based upon previous studies which showed an increase in turning behavior following unilateral intranigral administration of sigma ligands, we determined the effects of two sigm...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(93)90456-r
更新日期：1993-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effects of the recently described heptadecapeptide nocistatin on K+-evoked glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical slices in vitro. In vivo, nocistatin reverses the action of nociceptin. Nocistatin (100 nM, n = 7) did not inhibit K+-evoked glutamate release alone. Nociceptin (100 nM) inhibited ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00545-7
更新日期：1998-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chronic neuroleptic treatment on the concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the rat substantia nigra (SN) and corpus striatum (CS) were determined. Acute haloperidol and alpha-flupenthixol increased HVA and DOPAC in the CS but after chronic treatment no ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(80)90035-7
更新日期：1980-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparin-binding polypeptide with potent trophic and protective effects on brain neurons, glia and endothelia. In previous studies, we showed that intravenously administered bFGF reduced the volume of cerebral infarcts following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral arter...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(97)89672-0
更新日期：1997-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Kakkon-to is composed of seven medicinal herbs and exhibited novel antipyretic activity by suppressing interleukin-1alpha production responsive to interferon in a murine intranasal influenza virus infection model. Using this model, antipyretic compounds with such novel biological activities were characterized from the...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00121-6
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chick has a practical advantage in the screening process in that chicks require only small quantities of drugs. The chick separation stress paradigm has traditionally been recognized as a valid form of anxiolytic screening. Further, chick behavior involving standing motionless with eyes closed or sitting motionles...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.036
更新日期：2015-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is recognized as an important factor in the development of liver pathologies. The reactive oxygen species endogenously generated or as a consequence of xenobiotic metabolism are eliminated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic cellular systems. Besides endogen defences, the antioxidant consumption in the diet...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.067
更新日期：2008-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycaemic effect of the imidazoline derivative S-22068. In vitro, in the presence of 5 mmol/l glucose, S-22068 (100 micromol/l) induced a significant and sustained increase in insulin secretion from isolated, perifused, rat islets and a marked sensit...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00395-7
更新日期：1999-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine the influence of N-(ortho-carboxyanilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide [o-CAMIPPS], N-(meta-carboxyanilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide [m-CAMIPPS], and N-(para-carboxyanilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide [p-CAMIPPS] on the protective activity of four classi...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.017
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of paxilline, a mycotoxin, on whole-cell outward currents from freshly isolated cells of the rat mesenteric artery were studied. Paxilline inhibited a component of the outward current that was also sensitive to iberiotoxin. Inhibition could be observed at a concentration of 10 nM and complete inhibition of...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00188-0
更新日期：1999-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:This study shows that in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of 14-weeks-old, the sympathetically-induced, but not noradrenaline-induced tachycardic response are higher than age-matched Wistar normotensive rats. Furthermore, in SHR the sympathetically-induced tachycardic response was: (1) unaffected by moxonidine (3...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.017
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates the role of microglial activation and sustained neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, a common feature associated with depressive disorders. It also indicates the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulation of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Amisulpride e...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173411
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between isometric tension and the increase in cyclic GMP level associated with the initial phase of drug-induced contraction of taenia coli was studied. Maximal contraction induced by 100 micrometers carbachol or 124 mM KCl occurred in 30 sec and was associated with an increase in cyclic GMP levels of...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(81)90209-0
更新日期：1981-03-12 00:00:00
