Abstract:
:Newborns and infants are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, resulting in high mortality and morbidity, particularly in resource-poor settings. Many vaccines require several booster doses, resulting in an extensive vaccine schedule, and yet there is still inadequate protection from some of these diseases. This is partly due to the immaturity of the neonate and infant immune system. Little is known about the specific modifications to immunological assessment protocols in early life but increasing knowledge of infant immunology has helped provide better recommendations for assessing these responses. Since most new vaccines will eventually be deployed in low-income settings such as Africa, the logistics and resources of assessing immunity in such settings also need to be understood. In this article, we will review immunity to vaccines in early life, discuss the many challenges associated with assessing immunogenicity and provide practical tips.
journal_name
Expert Rev Vaccinesjournal_title
Expert review of vaccinesauthors
Flanagan KL,Burl S,Lohman-Payne BL,Plebanski Mdoi
10.1586/erv.10.41subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-06-01 00:00:00pages
665-74issue
6eissn
1476-0584issn
1744-8395journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The Keystone Symposia conference, Challenges of Global Vaccine Development, attracted approximately 440 scientists, physicians and students from all around the world. The conference goal was to share newly acquired knowledge regarding vaccine-induced immunity, novel technologies, childhood vaccines, preclinical models...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.1.21
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of Yersinia pestis bacilli causes pneumonic plague, a rapidly progressing and exceptionally virulent disease. Extensively antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains exist and we currently lack a safe and effective pneumonic plague vaccine. These facts raise concern that Y. pestis may be exploited as a bioweapon...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.2.209
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to the use of traditional vaccines in the National Immunization Program, the introduction: of additional vaccines in Indonesia appears to be important to further reduce rates of childhood mortality. However, it typically takes at least two decades for additional vaccines to be introduced into the National ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.944165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine distribution and delivery has become an issue of significant interest, given the threat of a pandemic influenza outbreak and the resulting need for coordinated efforts to distribute and deliver pandemic influenza vaccines into the hands of healthcare workers responsible for administering them. This review prov...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.6.6.981
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The approval of sipuleucel-T has placed cancer vaccines on the verge of becoming an effective modality. However, there is much to define to understand the intricacies from the multiple confounding factors in vaccine immunotherapy. In this article under review, some patients with metastatic cancer who had limited tumor...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.11.193
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant, nonreplicating, human adenovirus serotype 5-vectored vaccine, known as MRKAd5, expressing three HIV-1 clade B-derived internal proteins when used in a homologous immunization regimen, did not decrease HIV-1 infection rate nor postinfection virus load in the first Phase IIb proof-of-concept trial. However,...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.3.303
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza vaccines remain the primary public health tool in reducing the ever-present burden of influenza and its complications. In seeking more immunogenic, more effective and more broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines, the landscape of influenza vaccines is rapidly expanding, both in near-term advances and nex...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.13.35
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combination vaccines have been used for many years in the USA as part of the primary infant immunization series. However, the current program still requires up to 24 injections by 18 months of age. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in the USA recommends the use of combination vaccines whenever possible....
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.59
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective prophylactic vaccine available against HIV-1. Currently, substantial efforts are devoted to the development of vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are capable of neutralizing most HIV-1 strains. All bNAb...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1690458
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated memory responses and antibody persistence to diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, whole-cell-pertussis (DTwP), and Hepatitis-B vaccines in HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed-uninfected and HIV-infected children previously randomized to initiate time-limited ART at 6-10 weeks (ART-Immed) or when clinically...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1547195
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal vaccine efficacy requires not only a protective antigen, but also a strong immune activator as an adjuvant. Most viral vaccines, such as influenza vaccines and nonviral genetic vaccines (e.g., DNA vaccines), contain nucleic acids, which appear to act as essential 'built-in' adjuvants. Specific receptors, inclu...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.57
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis A, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), is primarily transmitted via the fecal/oral route either through ingestion of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Prevalence of hepatitis A is strongly correlated with socioeconomic factors, decreasing with increas...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1580578
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Buruli disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is an emerging infectious disease in tropical areas, particularly West Africa, which can cause deep necrotizing skin lesions, called Buruli ulcer. Buruli disease affects all age groups but about 50% of the cases are diagnosed in children. There is no evidence that Buru...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2.4.561
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although mass vaccination of the entire population of an endemic area would be the most cost-effective tool to diminish Leishmania burden, an effective vaccine is not yet commercially available. Practically, vaccines have failed to achieve the required level of protection, possibly owing to the lack of an appropriate ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.11.166
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is an organism of concern as a potential biowarfare agent. Progress towards understanding the molecular basis of pathogenicity has been hampered by a lack of tools with which to manipulate the pathogen. However, the availability of genome sequence data for a ra...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.114
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Second Conference on Controversies in Vaccination in Adults, leading vaccine experts among manufacturers, physicians, microbiologists, virologists, immunologists and public health specialists came together to discuss recent approaches, developments and strategies in vaccination against worldwide pressing epidem...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/erv.13.44
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disease-fighting power of vaccines has defeated many pathogens and has been credited with global reduction of mortality and morbidity. However, most vaccine developments focus on the enhancement of effector responses with systemic inflammation and the consequences overlooked. Recent evidence shows that systemic in...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.882775
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Due to overcome the hardness of the vaccine design, computational vaccinology is emerging widely. Prediction of T cell and B cell epitopes, antigen processing analysis, antigenicity analysis, population coverage, conservancy analysis, allergenicity assessment, toxicity prediction, and protein-peptide docki...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14760584.2020.1794832
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several new lyssaviruses have emerged in the past decade and it is likely that more remain to be discovered. There are six recognized genotypes of lyssavirus other than the rabies virus (genotype 1). All but one of these has been associated with human cases, with the resulting disease clinically similar to rabies. Rab...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.4.4.533
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Leishmania donovani glycoprotein fraction, known as FML, successfully underwent preclinical and clinical (Phase I-III) vaccine trials against canine visceral leishmaniasis (92-95% of protection and 76-80% of vaccine efficacy) when formulated with a QS21 saponin-containing adjuvant. It became the licensed Leishmune...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.6.833
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is attractive and promising as a novel viral vector for the expression of foreign genes of interest because it possesses unique properties. In particular, its excellent safety profile and the availability of versatile vector technologies have frequently made MVA the vac...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.4
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Singapore was the location of the 3rd Global Vaccine Congress on 4-6 October 2009, and it provided a suitable place for sharing a range of developments, concepts and challenges associated with vaccines. One of the major goals of this meeting was to present a broad and balanced program of research, development, product...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/erv.09.147
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant organism of the upper respiratory nasopharyngeal microbiota. Its disease spectrum includes otitis media, sinusitis, non-bacteremic pneumonia and invasive infections. Protein-based vaccines to prevent NTHi infections are needed to alleviate these infections in ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1156539
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To control the worldwide spread of HIV, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine is urgently needed. Studies with the simian immunodeficiency virus demonstrated that a live attenuated virus can be effective as a vaccine, but serious concerns about the safety of such a vaccine virus have arisen. We propose a condition...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.1.3.293
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::More focused research on a mucosal HIV-1 vaccine is needed urgently. An increasing amount of collected data, using heterologous multimodality prime-booster strategies, suggest that an efficient and protective HIV-1 vaccine must generate broad, long-lasting HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and neutralizing an...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.6.2.203
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parallel to attenuated and subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines require adjuvant signals in addition to antigen presentation for the induction of adaptive immune responses. As opposed to common beliefs, increasing evidence is showing that Toll-like receptor 9 activation by CpG motifs present in DNA vaccines are not vital fo...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erv.09.79
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As pregnant women are at increased risk of influenza infection and influenza-related complications, immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine during the influenza season is recommended. Vaccination during pregnancy is considered to provide benefits for both the mothers and their young infants. In 2009, the novel...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erv.12.67
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humanitarian aid workers regularly encounter the challenge of setting up functioning surveillance systems immediately after a disaster. Detecting potential outbreaks of diseases, such as cholera, that might arise from disturbed living conditions, displacement and lack of clean water and sanitation is, therefore, extre...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14760584.7.4.431
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections of humans with Bacillus anthracis are an issue with respect to the biothreat both to civilians and military personnel, infections of individuals by infected livestock in endemic regions and, recently, infections of intravenous drug users injecting anthrax-contaminated heroin. Existing vaccination regimens a...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.981533
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review deals with specific immunotherapy performed with pollen vaccines. Pollen allergens, the immunological mechanism of allergic inflammation and the mechanisms behind successful specific immunotherapy treatment of seasonal pollen allergy shall be discussed. The different approaches to develop improved regimes ...
journal_title:Expert review of vaccines
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14760584.2.1.85
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00