Abstract：
:The increase in life expectancy seen in many countries has been accompanied by an increase in the number of people living with dementia and a growing need for health care. The large number of affected individuals emphasizes the need to identify causes for the phenotypes associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's, and those caused by prions. This review addresses the hypothesis that changes in lipid rafts induced by alterations in their ganglioside and/or cholesterol content or the interaction of mutant proteins with them provide the keys to understanding the onset of neurodegeneration that can lead to dementia. The biological function(s) of raft-associated gangliosides and cholesterol are discussed prior to reviewing what is known about their roles in lipid rafts in the aforementioned diseases. It concludes with some questions that need to be addressed in order to provide investigators with the basis for identifying small molecule agonists or antagonists to test as potential therapeutics.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Schengrund CLdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.02.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-04-29 00:00:00pages
7-17issue
1-2eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(10)00057-2journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It is now generally recognized that interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the cytokines that mediate the various nonspecific host defense responses to infectious pathogens. Among its now well-demonstrated effects on systemic administration are fever and acute-phase proteinemia. These effects are also activated by the cytokine...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90185-3
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine the organization of coactivation in the arm and shoulder muscles. Normal human subjects made alternate movements of a joint in the horizontal plane, either adduction-abduction of the second finger and shoulder, ulnar-radial deviation of the wrist, or extension-flexion of th...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00952-8
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary visual pathway exhibits a symmetrical anatomical structure, initially arising from the left and right retinas, passing through the lateral geniculate nucleus, and finally projecting to the left and right primary visual cortices. However, to our knowledge, studies based on scalp EEG have not provided adequa...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.11.005
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol has a pharmacological profile similar to other centrally acting drugs, which facilitate GABAergic transmission. GABA is known to produce its effects by increasing the conductance to Cl- ions. In this study, we have examined the effect of ethanol on GABA-induced 36Cl-influx in primary spinal cord cultured neuro...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90168-1
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous locomotion and motor coordination was evaluated in young (5-6 month old) and aged (24-25 month old) rats. Animals were tested for spontaneous locomotor activity in Digiscan Animal Activity Monitors during the nocturnal cycle. Aged animals exhibited a significant hypoactivity compared to their young counter...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90294-l
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The labelling of hypothalamic binding sites by [125I]-FK, a specific mu-opioid receptor ligand, was studied in female C57BL/6J mice to test whether removal of ovarian steroids affected the density of distribution of receptor binding. Labelling densities in the forebrain of normally cycling (intact) females (N = 12), w...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90093-q
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin(2A) (5HT(2A)) receptors have been shown to play an important role in several psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. This immunohistochemical study examined the cellular localization of 5HT(2A) receptors in various rat brain structures (olfactory, striatum, cortex, hip...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00278-6
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The precursor of serotonin, l-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), is a potent dipsogen in the rat. Peripheral administration of increasing doses of this compound increased water intake in a dose-dependent fashion. Peripheral administration of other analogs of tryptophan, including d-tryptophan, l-tryptophan and acetyltryptophan...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(80)90211-7
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Windup, the frequency dependent build-up of spinal neuronal responses is an electrophysiological model of the development of the central sensitization in the chronic pain states. NR2B subunit containing NMDA-type glutamate receptors are implicated in the windup of dorsal horn neurons, while their role at the motoneuro...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.06.002
更新日期：2004-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is involved in several morphogenetic processes of the central nervous system. In the present study the expression of PSA-NCAM has been investigated in the rat thalamus during embryonic and postnatal development using light and electron microscopic...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.015
更新日期：2007-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first report of quantitative autoradiography results showing sex differences of GABAA receptor levels in brain regions of a wild rodent (wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus) living in its natural habitat. The labeling of this GABAergic site with its specific high affinity radioligand [3H] muscimol provided a h...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00034-2
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We assessed the potential of resting-state fMRI lag analysis (RSLA) in detecting epileptic activation and in estimating anti-epileptic effects of Levetiracetam (LEV) in Rolandic epilepsy. METHODS:Forty-three children with Rolandic epilepsy underwent simultaneous EEG-fMRI. They were grouped into LEV vs drug-naï...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.016
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on the dose-dependent stimulant effect of ethanol (ETOH) on the open-field behavior of female and male mice. Sleep-deprived (48 h, multiple platforms method) or home-cage control female mice were treated with saline (SAL) or 1.4, 1.8 or 2.2g/...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.01.006
更新日期：2006-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) (I+II) play pivotal roles in metal-related cell homeostasis because of their high affinity for metals forming clusters. The main functional role of MTs is to sequester and/or dispense zinc participating in zinc homeostasis. Consistent with this role, MT gene expression is transcriptionally induc...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00468-3
更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain why some neurological patients fail to recognise objects from unusual views: that it results from difficulty identifying an object's principal axis when it is foreshortened, identifying an object when landmark features are occluded, or an inability to rotate mental imag...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00148-7
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elevated plus-maze is an animal model used to study anxiety. In a second session, rats show a reduction in the exploratory behavior even when the two sessions are separated by intervals as large as 7 days. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the reduction in the exploratory behavior is maintain...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.01.007
更新日期：2010-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In female rats, stimulation of the uterine cervix during mating induces two daily surges of prolactin. Inhibition of hypothalamic dopamine release and stimulation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are required for prolactin secretion. We aim to better understand how stimulation of the uterine ce...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.06.004
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How deep brain stimulation (DBS) acts and how the brain responds to it remains unclear. To investigate the mechanisms involved, we analyzed changes in local field potentials from the subthalamic area (STN-LFPs) recorded through the deep brain macroelectrode during monopolar DBS of the subthalamic nucleus area (STN-DBS...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.01.023
更新日期：2008-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:There is some experimental evidence that the pallial areas of a fish's brain are involved in distincted learning functions. Recently published data suggest that the medial pallium is essential for avoidance learning and the lateral pallium is crucial for spatial learning and is also involved in temporal aspects of the...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.05.008
更新日期：2009-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia involve social interaction problems and poor mentalizing abilities, associated with abnormal regional cerebral activity. Similar problems may be present in aggressive personality disorders and psychopathy. This paper reviews brain imaging data from research...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.01.008
更新日期：2006-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Reports from both this laboratory and others indicate that prenatal exposure of rats to cocaine can produce alterations in development, activity and responses to environmental stimuli. In order to determine a biochemical basis for these effects, radioligand receptor-binding assays for different monoaminergic receptors...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90261-h
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc is a basic trace element that plays important roles in brain and, consequently, its homeostasis needs to be critically controlled. High zinc concentrations in the interneuron synaptic space may induce neuronal death through mechanisms still partially solved. Undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells have bee...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.11.008
更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparative study of the distribution of substance P (SP) and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (SN) of the rat, cat and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was undertaken by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. In the rat a dense neuronal network composed of fine fibers display...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(84)90133-3
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies using a pharmacological approach suggested a neural pathway emanating from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) to the nucleus accumbens relevant to antinociception. This was investigated with neurochemical and histochemical methods in the present study. Push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay were used to ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(92)90215-j
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms gene expression in the brain of ovariectomised female and gonadectomised male rats by RT-PCR analysis. In female rats, the expression of both PR isoforms was induced by E2 and down-regulated by P in the hypothalamus, w...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00845-6
更新日期：2002-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of nodose ganglionectomy or transection of the peripheral branches of the afferent vagus nerve on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was studied. ChAT activity was reduced in the microdissected caudal and intermediate portions of the NTS in vagotomized as we...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90139-9
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subcutaneous administration of the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, yohimbine and tolazoline, at doses up to 1000 micrograms/kg, had no effect on water intake of female rats. However, when these compounds were administered SC in combination with either the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, isoproterenol (10 to 25 microg...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90083-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of ACTH4-10, a peptide fragment of corticotropin, on rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord and sciatic nerve were studied following a crush lesion of the sciatic nerve. The in vitro total protein synthesis rate of DRG L4, L5 and L6, measured one and three days after ipsilateral nerve crush, were not a...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(85)90149-2
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tests the influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) on the initiation of horizontal and vertical saccades, alone or combined with a predictable divergence. A gap paradigm was used; TMS was applied 100 ms after target onset. TMS of the left PPC increased the ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.11.007
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The study examines the influence of vestibular and leg proprioceptive cues on the maintenance of the body vertical in human stance. Vestibular body orientation cues were changed by applying bipolar currents to both mastoid bones (cosine-bell wave form of 3.3 s duration, 1 mA current intensity). Proprioceptive input wa...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00138-4
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
