Abstract：
:Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia involve social interaction problems and poor mentalizing abilities, associated with abnormal regional cerebral activity. Similar problems may be present in aggressive personality disorders and psychopathy. This paper reviews brain imaging data from research aiming at establishing possible central nervous correlates to aggression and psychopathy. Studies in this field are associated with a range of method problems. Differences between criminal offenders and controls may be confounded by a number of factors unrelated to personality traits or aggression per se. Phenotypical characterisation varies between studies as do the laboratory methods and their interpretation. In spite of these problems, there are some recurrent findings in the present literature. Hypoactivity or structural reduction of the prefrontal cortex is a consistent finding in violent offenders or subjects with antisocial personality disorder. When defined as a personality disorder of social interaction and empathy, psychopathy seems to be associated rather with central abnormalities in the limbic circuitry. Indications of an increased dopaminergic neurotransmission relative to the serotonergic have also been connected to such personality traits, especially to the AD/HD-related behavioural aspects. Further studies using strict phenotypical definitions or experimental models are clearly warranted to establish a pathophysiological background to destructive personality traits and the propensity to violent acting out.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Anckarsäter Hdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.01.008keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-14 00:00:00pages
259-65issue
3eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(06)00040-2journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Prenatal cocaine exposure has been shown to cause neurobehavioral abnormalities. To determine whether effects on basic patterns of cell development underlie these functional deficits, we examined the aftermath of acute and chronic cocaine exposure on ontogenetic patterns of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key regulat...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90043-b
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of odour components on dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were examined. The striatal slices were directly stimulated with 0.5% odour-including Krebs buffer using a superfusion method. In this experiment, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, n-hexanal, 1,8-cineol...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.11.016
更新日期：2008-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin are protein precursors from which are derived two classes of opioid neurotransmitter peptides. Dynorphin A((1-17)) is produced by proteolytic processing of prodynorphin, and processing of proenkephalin yields the enkephalin peptides. We report here on the isolation and sequencing o...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.01.008
更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the milk-ejection reflex was investigated by making electrophysiological recordings from oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus of urethane-anaesthetised rats. Systemic administration of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist. Idazoxan (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), temporarily suppressed OT...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00115-9
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of ventral amygdalofugal pathways (VAF) or stria terminalis (ST) on the hypothalamic aggressive-defense (rage) reaction were examined in fifteen cats. After bilateral electrolytic lesions of the VAF or ST, 0.5 pmol of acetylcholine (ACh) was injected into the VMH and electrical stimulation was applied. The...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90178-4
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eighty-four percent of principal cells in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body exhibited a transient depression of spontaneous activity following optic tract stimulation. Antidromic corticofugal activity, generated by the evoked cortical field potential, was seen in 21% of the cells studied. In those cell...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(80)80002-5
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice selected for differences in nest-building behavior differ in the number of arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Although previous efforts to link AVP-immunoreactive neurons in the SCN to clock function have failed, we show that differences in several circadian par...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90164-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release after neuron-specific increase of the expression of 5-HT(1B) receptors by gene transfer was studied in vitro and in vivo. The increased expression of the 5-HT(1B) receptor in vitro was induced by treating rat primary fetal septal cell cultures for 3 days with a vi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.01.015
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminium is highly neurotoxic and inhibits prenatal and postnatal development of the brain in humans and experimental animals. However, the incorporation of aluminium into the brain of fetuses and sucklings during gestation and lactation has not been well clarified because aluminium lacks a suitable isotope for a tra...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00509-3
更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prey-catching behavior (PCB) of the frog consists of a sequence of coordinated activity of muscles which is modified by various sensory signals. The aim of the present study was, for the first time, to examine the involvement of the trigeminal afferents in the swallowing phase of PCB. Experiments were performed on Ran...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.09.006
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that some epileptic patients does not respond to conventional treatments, despite multiple combination of antiepileptic drugs, and they are therefore considered drug-resistant. For these patients, vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) represents a successful alternative to traditional therapy, and it is gener...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.004
更新日期：2007-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the generation of presynaptic inhibition at central terminals of primary afferent fiber (PAF), while it has also been established that nitric oxide (NO) may sensitize the terminals of nocisponsive PAFs and enhance neuropeptide release,...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00500-7
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain why some neurological patients fail to recognise objects from unusual views: that it results from difficulty identifying an object's principal axis when it is foreshortened, identifying an object when landmark features are occluded, or an inability to rotate mental imag...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00148-7
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing evidence that Vitamin D(3) (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) is involved in brain development. We have recently shown that the brains of newborn rats from Vitamin D(3) deficient dams were larger than controls, had increased cell proliferation, larger lateral ventricles, and reduced cortical thickness. Brai...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.12.007
更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibition of excitatory mechanisms by components of low molecular weight, isolated from spiders and solitary wasps, such as, the acyl-polyamines, has demonstrated, on the one hand, neuroprotection potential, and on the other hand, it is well known that some arthropod venom components have convulsant activity. Whi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00300-2
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aβ plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are believed to precede cognitive deficits or clinical manifestation by decades. However, validated biomarkers for early diagnosis of the AD disease are still not available. In this present study, we combined MRI-based neuroimages and histological assessment of the glial response...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin (MET),an antidiabetic drug, has shown antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In the present investigation, we aimed to study the probable effects of MET on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Rats underwent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and MET was administered orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.015
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study, it was shown that the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) in the left hemisphere contains higher concentration of glutamate than in the right hemisphere. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential relationship between this neurochemical asymmetry and behavior. Rats with either left, rig...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(90)90074-a
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the use of moveable electrodes, 28 rat mesencephalic sites were examined for self-stimulation behavior (SS). The relative importance of each site in SS was established according to (1) a traditional method which consists of comparing sites based on the rates of responding (2) a psychophysical procedure based on t...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90097-1
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crested Ducks (CR) occasionally show intracranial fat bodies. Additionally, behavioral abnormalities such as motor incoordination can be observed. Here, it is shown that a behavioral test helps to identify CR that have a problematical fat body. The ducks were put on their backs, and the time required for them to stand...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.009
更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In accordance with the genetic nature of Huntington's disease (HD), transgenic and knock-in mouse models have been developed that have sought to recapitulate the key features of the human condition. To date, only a single rat model has been developed, the tgHD rat that carries 51 CAG repeats. The tgHD rat has many of ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.03.003
更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RTN1-C, one isoform of RTNs highly expressed in the brain, has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RTN1-C in an i...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.026
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were predominantly fed either a high-fat or a high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet. For designated 2-day periods, their diets were switched. After baseline measurements of food and water intake, the rats were made diabetic by injections of either 40 or 46-50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Food and wa...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(86)90100-0
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of 14-methoxymetopon (HS 198), a potent opioid agonist, on the responses to the tail electric stimulation test and plus-maze activity of adult male rats. The prototype mu agonist morphine was used as the drug of reference. Besides we addressed the effects of HS 198 on the serum corticostero...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00760-2
更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken from conscious sheep before, during and after parturition. Concentrations of plasma and CSF oxytocin were significantly elevated during contractions and particularly at birth. Mean prepartum CSF concentrations of oxytocin were around 55% of those foun...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90178-m
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cholinergic agents on isolated dentate neurons were studied to characterize cellular mechanisms underlying carbachol-induced 'theta' EEG activity. Carbachol, eserine, and acetylcholine produced a synchronization of slow wave activity (theta) accompanied by depression of perforant path to dentate field p...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(87)90029-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic stress, a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, is known to induce alterations in neuronal networks in many brain areas. Previous studies have shown that chronic stress changes the expression of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the brains of adult rats, but neurophysiological consequence...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.04.005
更新日期：2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is a brain disorder and there is still only a partial understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Antidepressant medications with a fast onset have not yet been developed. In addition to the monoaminergic systems, the brain glutaminergic system has been implicated in the etiology of depression. Animal ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.010
更新日期：2012-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is the lysosome-mediated bulk degradation of cellular components for material recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy was initially regarded as a nonselective process, however, recent evidence indicates that this process can in fact be highly selective, especially for targeting and degrading or...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.009
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted to examine the effects of d-amphetamine and the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-3-butamine (HMDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-butanamine (BDB), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-1-ethanamine (MDM1EA) in the chick embryo and the young ch...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90011-6
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
