Abstract:
:We describe a Xenopus mRNA, Xrel1, that is related to the avian protooncogene c-rel, the embryonic pattern gene dorsal of Drosophila, and the mammalian transcription factor NK-kappa B/KBF1. The sequence of Xrel1 is homologous to the other rel-related proteins in the large amino-terminal region that defines this class of transcriptional regulators, but the carboxyl-terminal part of the protein is quite different. Xrel1 mRNA is present throughout oogenesis and during early embryogenesis at 4 x 10(5) transcripts per oocyte or embryo. Xrel1 transcripts are present in all of the dissected parts of early embryos that we have examined. They are enriched in the animal hemisphere compared to the vegetal hemisphere of oocytes and blastulae.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kao KR,Hopwood NDdoi
10.1073/pnas.88.7.2697subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-04-01 00:00:00pages
2697-701issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Defining prospective pathways by which zoonoses evolve and emerge as human pathogens is critical for anticipating and controlling both natural and deliberate pandemics. However, predicting tenable pathways of animal-to-human movement has been hindered by challenges in identifying reservoir species, cultivating zoonoti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808116105
更新日期:2008-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::By comparing the amino acid sequences of 11 mammalian and 1 avian prion proteins (PrP), structural analyses predicted four alpha-helical regions. Peptides corresponding to these regions of Syrian hamster PrP were synthesized, and, contrary to predictions, three of the four spontaneously formed amyloids as shown by ele...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10940
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although inappropriate activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway has been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the role of this signaling in liver carcinogenesis remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we constructed a mutant mouse strain, Apc(lox/lox), in which exon 14 of the tumor-su...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404761101
更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The geographical structure of a population distributed continuously and homogeneously along an infinite linear habitat is explored. The analysis is restricted to a single locus in the absence of selection, and every mutant is assumed to be new to the population. An explicit formula is derived for the probability that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.8.2932
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the ubiquitous use of phosphoramidite chemistry in the synthesis of biophosphates, catalytic asymmetric phosphoramidite transfer remains largely unexplored for phosphate ester synthesis. We have discovered that a tetrazole-functionalized peptide, in the presence of 10-Å molecular sieves, functions as an enanti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001111107
更新日期:2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::After intravitreal injection of gamma-[3H] aminobutyric acid (GAB), 2% of the neurons at the outer margin of the inner plexiform layer were intensely labeled. Reconstructions of these neurons from serial electron microscope autoradiograms showed that they are interplexiform cells, which synapse on bipolar processes in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.1.658
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the human beta amyloid peptide (A beta) in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans animals can lead to the formation of intracellular immunoreactive deposits as well as the formation of intracellular amyloid. We have used this model to identify proteins that interact with intracellular A beta in vivo. Mass spe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.152313999
更新日期:2002-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::The tetrodotoxin binding component of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel from Electrophorus electricus electroplax was purified by using a monoclonal antibody. An impure preparation of tetrodotoxin binding component was mixed with the pure monoclonal antibody, and the immune complex so formed was isolated by affinit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.23.7575
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured the fidelity of bidirectional, semiconservative DNA synthesis by a human DNA replication complex in vitro. Replication was performed by extracts of HeLa cells in the presence of simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen by using a double-stranded phage M13mp2 DNA template containing the SV40 origin o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.19.7064
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from viruses to social animals. However, natural selection predicts a "tragedy of the commons": Cheaters, benefiting from without producing costly common goods, are more fit than cooperators and should destroy cooperation. In an attempt ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1210190109
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that regulate the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system's own components, although critically important, are largely unknown. Ub, a principal component of the system, must be maintained at adequate levels to support cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions. It was suggested that Ub is degrade...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0905746106
更新日期:2009-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Two monoclonal antibodies directed against the native beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase [L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate), EC 4.2.1.20], one recognizing the C-terminal F1 domain and the other the N-terminal F2 domain, were used to detect immunoreactive intermediates in the fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.5.1147
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spleen cells derived from a rabbit hyperimmunized with a Type III pneumococcal vaccine were exposed to simian virus 40 in vitro. After 114 days, transformed cells growing on the surface of one culture dish were observed and a cell line was established. The transformed cells had a morphology characteristic of cells tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.2.260
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During cardiac trabeculation, cardiomyocytes delaminate from the outermost (compact) layer to form complex muscular structures known as trabeculae. As these cardiomyocytes delaminate, the remodeling of adhesion junctions must be tightly coordinated so cells can extrude from the compact layer while remaining in tight c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1606385113
更新日期:2016-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Pathologic ocular angiogenesis is a leading cause of blindness, influenced by both dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation. Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is a lipid-sensing nuclear receptor with diverse biologic function including regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation; ho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504387112
更新日期:2015-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue- and cell-specific deletion of the Aqp4 gene is required to differentiate between the numerous pools of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. A glial-conditional Aqp4 knockout mouse line was generated to resolve whether astroglial AQP4 controls water exchange across the blood-brain interface. The conditional knock...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1110655108
更新日期:2011-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Shewanella species are renowned for their respiratory versatility, including their ability to respire poorly soluble substrates by using enzymatic machinery that is localized to the outside of the cell. The ability to engage in "extracellular respiration" to date has focused primarily on respiration of minerals. Here,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505959103
更新日期:2006-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the in vivo signaling mechanisms involved in nociceptin/orphanin FQ (Noci)-induced pain responses by using a flexor-reflex paradigm. Noci was 10,000 times more potent than substance P (SP) in eliciting flexor responses after intraplantar injection into the hind limb of mice, but the action of Noci seem...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10949
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rotation of Paracoccus denitrificans F1-ATPase (PdF1) was studied using single-molecule microscopy. At all concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or a slowly hydrolyzable ATP analog (ATPγS), above or below Km, PdF1 showed three dwells per turn, each separated by 120°. Analysis of dwell time between steps s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2003163117
更新日期:2020-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated developing plastids from greening cucumber cotyledons or from photoperiodically grown pea seedlings incorporated (14)C-labeled 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into chlorophyll (Chl). Incorporation was light dependent, enhanced by S-adenosylmethionine, and linear for 1 hr. The in vitro rate of Chl synthesis from A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.16.5370
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of the roles of adaptation and chance in determining genetic diversity and evolution has received attention in the last 50 years, but our understanding is still incomplete. All statements about the relative effects of evolutionary factors, especially drift, need confirmation by strong demograph...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0910803106
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::African sleeping sickness is a fatal disease that is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Polyamine biosynthesis is an essential pathway in the parasite and is a validated drug target for treatment of the disease. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes a key step in polyamine biosynthe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701111104
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sponges (Porifera), the simplest and earliest multicellular organisms, are thought to have evolved from their unicellular ancestors about 1 billion years ago by developing cell-recognition and adhesion mechanisms to discriminate against "non-self." Consequently, they are used as models for investigating recognition ph...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.151111298
更新日期:2001-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::DNA from one biopsy sample of invasive cancer of the cervix contained sequences hybridizing with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 DNA only under nonstringent conditions. This DNA was molecularly cloned in lambda phage. Under stringent conditions of hybridization it cross-hybridized to a minor extent (less than 0.1%)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.12.3812
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading coloncytes. Upon contact with epithelial cells, S. flexneri elicits localized plasma membrane projections sustained by long actin filaments which engulf the microorganism. The products necessary for Shigella entry include three s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.3.1254
更新日期:1996-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::This work argues that, in a polarized environment, scientists can minimize the likelihood that the audience's biased processing will lead to rejection of their message if they not only eschew advocacy but also, convey that they are sharers of knowledge faithful to science's way of knowing and respectful of the audienc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1320868111
更新日期:2014-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector system that permits the introduction of virtually any gene into mammalian central nervous system neurons. The prototype vector, pHSVlac, contains a transcription unit that places the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of the HSV-1 immediate earl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.1149
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector for cystic fibrosis lung gene therapy. The vector expresses cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) using control elements from cytokeratin 18. The vector expressed properly localized CFTR in cultured cells and in the airway epithelia of mice. Cftr R...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2436478100
更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal divisions to support spermatogenesis throughout life. Although several positive regulators of SSC self-renewal have been discovered, little is known about the negative regulators. Here, we report that F-box and WD-40 domain protein 7 (FBXW7), a component of the Skp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1401837111
更新日期:2014-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Wnt and Shh signaling pathways are critical for the development and maturation of many epithelial tissues. Both pathways have roles in stem cell maintenance, tissue development, and tumorigenesis. However, linkage between these pathways in mammalian systems had not been well established. Here, we report that Shh expre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607399104
更新日期:2007-02-13 00:00:00