Abstract:
:The geographical structure of a population distributed continuously and homogeneously along an infinite linear habitat is explored. The analysis is restricted to a single locus in the absence of selection, and every mutant is assumed to be new to the population. An explicit formula is derived for the probability that two homologous genes separated by a given distance at any time t are the same allele. The ultimate rate of approach to equilibrium is shown to be t(-3/2)e(-2ut), where u is the mutation rate. An approximation is given for the stationary probability of allelism in an infinite two-dimensional population, which, unlike previous expressions, is finite everywhere. For a finite habitat of arbitrary shape and any number of dimensions, it is proved that if the population density is very high, then asymptotically the transient part of the probability of allelism is spatially uniform and decays at the rate e(-[2u+1/(2N)]t), where N is the total population size. Thus, in this respect the population behaves as if it were panmictic. The dependence of the amount of local gene frequency differentiation on population density and habitat size and dimensionality is discussed.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Nagylaki Tdoi
10.1073/pnas.71.8.2932subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1974-08-01 00:00:00pages
2932-6issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must be tightly controlled. However, the mechanism by which NLR prot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105685108
更新日期:2011-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Diverse forms of injury and stress evoke a hypertrophic growth response in adult cardiac myocytes, which is characterized by an increase in cell size, enhanced protein synthesis, assembly of sarcomeres, and reactivation of fetal genes, often culminating in heart failure and sudden death. Given the emerging roles of mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608791103
更新日期:2006-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::In the hippocampus, a CA3 pyramidal cell forms excitatory synapses with thousands of other pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. By using sequential paired recordings from three connected cells, we show that the presynaptic properties of CA3 pyramidal cell terminals, belonging to the same axon, differ according...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.12004
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::We introduce a polynomial C(mu)[Z; q, t], depending on a set of variables Z = z(1), z(2),..., a partition mu, and two extra parameters q, t. The definition of C(mu) involves a pair of statistics (maj(sigma, mu), inv(sigma, mu)) on words sigma of positive integers, and the coefficients of the z(i) are manifestly in N[q...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0405567101
更新日期:2004-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic losses by damaging crops and stored agricultural products. Insect-specific growth regulators represent attractive control agents because of their safety to the environment and humans. We identified plant compounds that serve as juvenile...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424386112
更新日期:2015-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::IFN-alpha/beta plays an essential role in innate immunity against viral and bacterial infection. Among the proteins induced by IFN-alpha/beta are the ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein and its E1- (Ube1L) and E2- (UbcH8) conjugating enzymes, leading to the conjugation of ISG15 to cellular proteins. It is likely that ISG15 c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504754102
更新日期:2005-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) is an early-onset, autosomal recessive form of demyelinating neuropathy. The clinical manifestations include progressive scoliosis, delayed age of walking, muscular atrophy, distal weakness, and reduced nerve conduction velocity. The gene mutated in CMT4C disease, SH3TC2/KIA...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0905523106
更新日期:2009-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Without sufficient greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the early Earth would have become a permanently frozen planet because the young Sun was less luminous than it is today. Several resolutions to this faint young Sun-frozen Earth paradox have been proposed, with an atmosphere rich in CO2 being the one generally favo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1248
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of wealth in the United States and countries around the world is highly skewed. How does visible economic inequality affect well-off individuals' support for redistribution? Using a placebo-controlled field experiment, I randomize the presence of poverty-stricken people in public spaces frequented by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615010113
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, is known to covalently attach to a number of nuclear regulatory proteins such as p53, IkappaB, promyelocytic leukemia protein and c-Jun. The sumoylation reaction is catalyzed by the SUMO protease, which exposes the C-terminal active glycine residue of the nascent SUMO, the het...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402889101
更新日期:2004-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::EWS (Ewing sarcoma) encodes an RNA/ssDNA binding protein that is frequently rearranged in a number of different cancers by chromosomal translocations. Physiologically, EWS has diverse and essential roles in various organ development and cellular processes. In this study, we uncovered a new role of EWS in mitochondrial...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1504391112
更新日期:2015-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pigs were immunized with liposomal model membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) derivatives in which the amino function was substituted with either dinitrophenylaminocaproyl (Dnp-Cap) or mono(p-azobenzenearsonic acid)tyrosyl (ABA-Tyr) residues. Previous studies...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.11.4582
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A somatic hybrid of ASL-1 leukemia cells [H-2a, thymus leukemia (TL)1,2,3, Thy-1b] and LM(TK)-cells [H-2-k, TL(-), Thy-1 (-), thymidine kinase deficient] was formed with the aid of inactivated Sendai virus. The selection of hybrid cell clones was facilitated by the inability of ASL-1 cells to grow in vitro and of LM(T...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.5.1873
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nannofossils section sign here described are from the middle Proterozoic Paradise Creek Formation, along Paradise Creek in northwestern Queensland, Australia. These fossils, in chert blebs associated with branched stromatolites, comprise cubic colonies analogous to living Eucapsis, a member of the blue-green algal fam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.1.56
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbit articular chondrocytes synthesize type II collagen [3alpha(1)(II)] in vivo and type I collagen [2alpha(1)(I).alpha(2)] in monolayer cultures. In suspension culture the nature of phenotype depends on extracellular Ca(2+). The relationship of Ca(2+) and 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) in regulation of collagen synthesis ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.9.3864
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses (X-MLVs and P-MLVs) cross-interfere to various extents in non-mouse species and in wild Asian mice, suggesting that they might use a common receptor for infection. Consistent with this hypothesis, the susceptibility of some wild mice to X-MLVs has been mapped to the P-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.927
更新日期:1999-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::The active form of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1alpha,25(OH)2D], is synthesized from its precursor 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] via the catalytic action of the 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase [1alpha(OH)ase] enzyme. Many roles in cell growth and differentiation have been attributed to 1,25(OH)2D, including a ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.131029498
更新日期:2001-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::By indirect immunofluorescence techniques, microtubules and mitochondria were localized in normal rat kidney cells, human WI38 fibroblasts, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and a putative smooth muscle rat cell line, in monolayer culture. The mitochondria were found to be arranged along the cytoplasmic microtubules in ea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3863
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::FUS3 is functionally redundant with KSS1, a homologous yeast protein kinase, for a step(s) in signal transduction between the beta subunit of the guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), STE4, and the mating type-specific transcriptional activator, STE12. Either FUS3 or KSS1 can execute this function; when neit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9392
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After endocytosis, transmembrane cargo reaches endosomes, where it encounters complexes dedicated to opposing functions: recycling and degradation. Microdomains containing endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-0 component Hrs [hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGRS-1) i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1612730114
更新日期:2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged periods of extreme heat or drought in the first year after fire affect the resilience and diversity of fire-dependent ecosystems by inhibiting seed germination or increasing mortality of seedlings and resprouting individuals. This interaction between weather and fire is of growing concern as climate changes,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619014114
更新日期:2017-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Recent demonstrations of correlated low-frequency MRI signal variations between subregions of the spinal cord at rest in humans, similar to those found in the brain, suggest that such resting-state functional connectivity constitutes a common feature of the intrinsic organization of the entire central nervous system. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424106112
更新日期:2015-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::The conformational change in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide from its monomeric form to aggregates is crucial in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the healthy brain, some unidentified chaperones appear to prevent the aggregation of Abeta. Here we reported that lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGD...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701585104
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::We report the successful infection of two rabbit T-cell lines and one rabbit macrophage line with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). One T-cell line was a herpesvirus ateles transformant, the other T-cell line was a human T-cell leukemia virus I transformant, and the macrophage line was a simian virus 40 transfor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.12.4455
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by the insulin receptor permits this docking protein to interact with signaling proteins that promote insulin action. Serine phosphorylation uncouples IRS-1 from the insulin receptor, thereby inhibiting its tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin signaling....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051042298
更新日期:2001-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Copper is an essential micronutrient that plays a central role for a broad range of biological processes. Although there is compelling evidence that the intracellular milieu does not contain any free copper ions, the rapid kinetics of copper uptake and release suggests the presence of a labile intracellular copper poo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0406547102
更新日期:2005-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Activated RAS transforming genes that encode proteins (p21s) with amino acid substitutions at positions 12, 13, or 61 have been detected in 10-20% of human neoplasms. This report describes a monoclonal antibody (DWP) raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 5-16 of a mutated RAS gene encoding Va...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7485
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measles still remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Measles virus (MV) vaccines are highly successful, but the mechanism underlying their efficacy has been unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the MV attachment protein, hemagglutinin, responsible for MV entry. The receptor-b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707830104
更新日期:2007-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging method of femtosecond crystallography (FX) may extend the diffraction resolution accessible from small radiation-sensitive crystals and provides a means to determine catalytically accurate structures of acutely radiation-sensitive metalloenzymes. Automated goniometer-based instrumentation developed for us...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418733111
更新日期:2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::The total amount of noncoding sequences on chromosomes of contemporary organisms varies significantly from species to species. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of these noncoding sequences that assumes that (i) an approximately equal to 0.55-kilobase (kb)-long reading frame composed the primordial gene and (ii) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6195
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00