Abstract:
AIM OF THE STUDY:To determine the toxicity and anti-trypanosomal activity of the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (Maliacea) stem bark, through in vivo and in vitro approach using Trypanosoma brucei brucei. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Graded concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg/kg) of the crude stem bark ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica, Hochst ex. A. Dc. (Maliacea) was tested for acute toxicity in 35 out bred Swiss (Wister) adult albino rats of both sexes. Secondly, the in vitro activity in test tubes and in vivo activity of the extract in 30 out bred Swiss (Wister) adult albino rats against Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain NITR/14 (Federe) was evaluated in a graded dose manner. RESULTS:The calculated intra-peritoneal LD(50) of the extract was 870 mg/kg and produced toxicity at high doses (>800 mg/kg). Graded concentrations of the ethanolic extract produced remarkable in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei within seconds of inoculation. It also suppressed the establishment of parasitaemia at 100mg/kg when administered simultaneously with infection in vivo. Similarly, at 200 and 400mg/kg, the extract administered at the onset of parasitaemia for 4 consecutive days reduced parasitaemia, modulated declined packed volume (PCV) changes by day 48 post-infection in vivo. CONCLUSION:The results confirm that the folkloric medicinal application of the extract of Azadirachta indica (Maliacea) has a pharmacological basis. Further investigation is however, needed to optimize the effectiveness of the extract.
journal_name
J Ethnopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of ethnopharmacologyauthors
Mbaya AW,Ibrahim UI,God OT,Ladi Sdoi
10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-24 00:00:00pages
495-500issue
2eissn
0378-8741issn
1872-7573pii
S0378-8741(10)00030-9journal_volume
128pub_type
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