Abstract:
:The brain is a well-organized, yet highly complex, organ in the mammalian system. Most investigators use the whole brain, instead of a selected brain region(s), for biochemical analytes as toxicological endpoints. As a result, the obtained data is often of limited value, since their significance is compromised due to a reduced effect, and the investigators often arrive at an erroneous conclusion(s). By now, a plethora of knowledge reveals the brain regional variability for various biochemical/neurochemical determinants. This review describes the importance of brain regional heterogeneity in relation to cholinergic and noncholinergic determinants with particular reference to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides and OP nerve agents.
journal_name
Toxicol Mech Methodsjournal_title
Toxicology mechanisms and methodsauthors
Gupta RCdoi
10.1080/15376520490429175subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
103-43issue
3eissn
1537-6516issn
1537-6524journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Methylthiophanate is one of the widely used fungicides to control important fungal diseases of crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the short-term hematoxicity and genotoxicity effects of methylthiophanate administered by intraperitoneal way at three doses (300, 500 and 700 mg/kg of body weight) after 24, 48 ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.961217
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress in biological systems can result in radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), which can lead to the production of secondary reactive by-products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, and acetaldehyde. These deleterious compounds are known to react with and concomitantly m...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510903104224
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate on the activity of the cellulase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) were studied. Earthworms were exposed to chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate at a final concentration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. Tissues from each...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.640718
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US military has placed major emphasis on developing therapeutics against nerve agents (NA). Current efforts are hindered by the lack of effective in vitro cellular models to aid in the preliminary screening of potential candidate drugs/antidotes. The development of an in vitro cellular model to aid in discovering ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.943442
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT When two toxicants overtly producing similar effects are given together, the effect of the combination may either be equal to the algebraic sum of their individual effects or may be more than or less than the algebraic sum of their individual effects. Therefore, to ascertain the nature of interaction precisel...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601177654
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xysmalobium undulatum (Uzara) is one of the most widely used indigenous traditional herbal remedies in Southern Africa. Commercially available Uzara plant material was used to prepare a crude aqueous extract, of which the toxicity potential was investigated in the hepatic HepG2/C3A cell line in both traditional two-di...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1485805
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene (C6H6) is one of the most commonly used industrial chemicals causing environmental pollution. This study aimed to examine the effect of benzene and its metabolite hydroquinone on glucose regulating organs, liver and pancreas, and to reveal the involved toxic mechanisms, in rats. In the in vivo part, benzene wa...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1053650
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the preventive effects of NGF against colistin-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells have been investigated. Fluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometery, and western blotting technique were used. The results showed that large amounts of autopha...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1534298
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Over expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has a major role in many cancers. It has been suggested that some angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) could reduce the proliferation of cancer cells. The role of NF-κB pathway has been documented in cell proliferation. OBJECTI...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1053647
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to evaluate the sublethal effects of a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin on ATPase, and glycogen phosphorylase in gill, kidney, liver, and muscle tissue of freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) during exposure and cessation of exposure. Thirty-six fish were exposed to 1/3 of LC 50 ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802205650
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The critical role of CaMKIIδ isoforms in cardiac hypertrophy is well documented. OBJECTIVE:This study was aimed to investigate the possible inhibitory effects of aliskiren (ALS) and/or carvedilol (CAV) on CaMKIIδ isoforms expression in experimental cardiac hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Male Wistar albino...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1128035
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study aims at evaluating the combination of the quinocetone and the ML-7 in preclinical hepatocellular carcinoma models. To this end, the effect of quinocetone and ML-7 on apoptosis induction and signaling pathways was analyzed on HepG2 cell lines. Here, we report that ML-7, in a nontoxic concentration, sensitized...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1090513
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine, an active substance present in tobacco has been identified as a major risk factor for lung related diseases. In the present study, we have evaluated the protective effect of curcumin on circulatory lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in nicotine administered Wistar rats. Lung toxicity was induced by subcutan...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1080/15376520490434692
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For good performance in clinical and forensic toxicology, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms related to xenobiotic exposure since they will assist clinicians to reach a useful and rapid diagnosis. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic imaging related to ethanol abu...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/15376516.2013.869782
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Dermal exposure to JP-8 petroleum jet fuel leads to toxicological responses in humans and rodents. Serum profiling is a molecular analysis of changes in the levels of serum proteins and other molecules in response to changes in physiology. This present study utilizes serum profiling approaches to examine biom...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701697072
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several deleterious effects of Tramadol including deaths were reported especially when used in large doses. Being metabolized mainly in the liver, Tramadol have serious hepatotoxic effects. This study investigates the effect of vitamin E on Tramadol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by evaluating the antioxidant biochemi...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1681043
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The β-glucans (β-G) are polysaccharides produced by various organisms, and sulfation of β-G renders them more soluble. With the objective to assess the effects of sulfated and non-sulfated β-G extracted from Agaricus brasiliensis in MCF-7 cells, assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, cell proliferati...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1043762
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosal cells in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II or VI patients. METHODS:A total of 12 patients with MPS type I, II and VI attended at the Institute of Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.956913
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor progression is the continual selection of variant subpopulations of malignant cells that have acquired increasing levels of genetic instability (Nowell Science 1976, 194, 23-28). This instability is manifested as chromosomal aneuploidy or translocations, viral integration or somatic mutations that typically affe...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.562759
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limited information is available regarding systemic changes in mammals associated with exposures to petroleum/hydrocarbon fuels. In this study, systemic toxicity of JP-8 jet fuel was observed in a rat inhalation model at different JP-8 fuel vapor concentrations (250, 500, or 1000 mg/m(3), for 91 days). Gel electrophor...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376511003681009
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological association between black cherry trees and mare reproductive loss syndrome has focused attention on cyanide and environmental cyanogens. This article describes the toxicokinetics of cyanide in horses and the relationships between blood cyanide concentrations and potentially adverse responses to cya...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510309832
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing use of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in biomedical applications, their toxicity after intravenous administration remains a major concern. We investigated the effects of single 7 mg/kg intravenous infusions of 13 nm SNPs on hemodynamic parameters in rats. Hematological and biochemical par...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2016.1169341
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal vine Trypterygium wilfordii hook f. (T. wilfordii). It possesses multiple biological activities, such as antitumor, immunosuppression, and antifertility. Previous studies suggested that triptolide might be a potential candida...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802192882
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effect of two extracts from Peruvian plants given alone or in a mixture on sperm count and glycemia in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Normal or diabetic mice were divided in groups receiving vehicle, black maca (Lepidium meyenii), yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) or three mixtures of extracts black ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2013.785656
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arsenic has been shown to cause various diseases (such as blackfoot disease, cardiovascular diseases, bladder cancer and skin cancer) in many areas of the world. However, the effects of arsenic on cardiac rhythm functions still lack investigation. METHODS:In this study, different concentrations of arsenic w...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1440679
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed for determining the exact mechanism of cytotoxic action of aluminum phosphide (AlP) in the presence of iron sucrose as the proposed antidote. Rats received AlP (12 mg/kg) and iron sucrose (5-30 mg/kg) in various sets and were connected to cardiovascular monitoring device. After identific...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1015086
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carfilzomib (CFZ) is an inhibitor of proteasome that is generally used in the treatment of multiple myeloma but due to its cardiotoxicity clinical use may be limited. Dexrazoxane (DZR), an inhibitor of topoisomerase-II, prevents cardiac damage by reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species and hypertrophic gene ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2016.1143071
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Cisplatin (CP) is an antineoplastic agent that induces nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. It is unknown whether renal tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and localization are modified in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. OBJECTIVE:To study if the expression of the TJ proteins occludin, claudin-2, claudin-5 a...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.948248
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are two mycotoxins, quite common contaminants, that can occur jointly in a wide range of food commodities. Both mycotoxins have several toxic effects but both share a significant nephrotoxic potential since OTA and CTN were reported to be responsible for naturally occurri...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701556682
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to describe the toxicity induced by curcumin in human astrocytoma cell lines. METHODS:The effects induced by curcumin, at 100 µM for 24 h, were evaluated in four astrocytoma cell lines using crystal violet assay and through the evaluation of morphological and ultrastructural c...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2013.826768
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00