Abstract:
:The problem how tumor cells get the metastatic ability is still a hot debate. Based on the premise that the default state of normal cells is quiescent rather than mobile, the classic progression and early metastasis model suggested that tumor metastasis should be an acquired trait contributed by the late or early gene mutations during carcinogenesis. Here, an inherent metastasis model is proposed that the metastatic ability of the tumor cells is one of the constitutive features of the normal cells of tumor origin. The idea is based on two facts. One is that tumor arises from stem or progenitor cells and in turn are driven by tumor stem cells. The other is that emerging evidence showing that a small population of stem or progenitor cells has the inherent migration capacity in normal development and adulthood. This inherent metastatic model has some implications. First, metastatic dissemination should occur continually throughout the course of primary tumor development and generate a diverse spectrum of disseminated cells. Second, most of the disseminated tumor cells should have the stem cell like features. Third, migration of stem cells and cancer cells should invoke similar molecular processes involving metastasis. Fourth, genomic alterations that primarily promote the production of tumor cells with stem cell traits, i.e., tumor stem cell, exacerbate tumor progression and metastasis. Finally, overt metastatic production is primarily determined by whether the disseminated tumor cells can survive and grow into overt metastatic foci at the ectopic sites, instead of that whether the tumor cells can leave the primary sites and travel to other sites. All these predictions have gotten increasing supporting evidences. Yet, to confirm whether the new paradigm is true or false, it needs carefully examine whether normal stem or progenitor cells of various tissues have the potential to traveling and arriving at the ectopic sites. Furthermore, exploiting the mechanisms for regulating normal stem or progenitor cells migration may provide more critical results for our deeply understanding the secrets of tumor metastasis and offer new methods for preventing and treating tumor metastasis.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Zhang LJ,Li H,Zhang LY,Gu Y,Song Y,Li F,Jiang LN,Li Q,Zhang HZ,Zhang Fdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2009.11.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
874-6issue
5eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(09)00780-4journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recently, a theory has been postulated that suggests that vital enzymes in ingested food interact synergistically with enzymes within the human body and more specifically with enzymes in the digestive tract. Alterations in food enzymes induced by bulk processing including heating and irradiation and also the addition ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(94)90152-x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colic is generally defined as excessive crying in early infancy and can have negative consequences on the infant as well as on the infant's family life. Excessive crying can result in escalating parental stress levels, abusive caregiver response, increased risk of shaken baby syndrome and parental postpartum depressio...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
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doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.038
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovarian cancer has a different prognosis between early (I and II) and advanced stage (III and IV). The mechanism of disease progression is unknown, but patients with advanced disease may have a higher propensity for seeding of the abdominal cavity early in the disease process than those with early stage. The...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.027
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper compares two models of the sense of smell and demonstrates that the new model has advantages over the accepted model with implications for medical research. The accepted transduction model had an odourant or pheromone contacting an aqueous sensory lymph then movement through it to a receptor membrane beneat...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1357
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(83)90093-2
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been the subject of many studies, but remains little understood. Previous work has shown that there is a correlation between the uncoupled spinal neuro-osseous growth and AIS. We believe that this uncoupled spinal neuro-osseous growth may also contribute to...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.046
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pancreatic leakage is a lethal postoperative complication to the patients after duodenopancreatectomy for carcinoma of head of pancreas. However, we found that the patients who survived this lethal postoperative complication could potentially acquire a longer survival time comparing with those without postoperativ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.02.024
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.042
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(93)90128-d
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.021
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular similarity between certain human antigenic determinants with those of HIV has been already described. In this matter, we have previously demonstrated, by a chromatographic method, the cross reactivity of human serum albumin with HIV gp 120. The hypothesis that this similarity could be one of the reasons ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1520
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.001
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(84)90020-3
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(91)90142-l
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.035
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current epidemic of obesity has developed at a rate that cannot be attributed to genetic drift. Attempts to treat obesity using diet and activity have been largely disappointing. Genes are fixed at conception, but genetic expression is known to be influenced by nutriture during the stages of growth and development...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.019
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma at age 50 is ≈ 70% in White women and >80% in Black women. Although risk factor research is limited, increasing age, and being premenopausal, nulliparous or Black are risk factors for leiomyomas. Black women tend to have larger leiomyomas and be younger at diagnosis. Surpr...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.046
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-9877(80)90102-4
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.024
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.012
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90244-9
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is defined as the process of ''programmed cell death'' (PCD), during which many cells simultaneously die from within along a very orderly pattern. PCD is as intrinsic for cells as mitosis and is involved in both degenerative and developmental processes of organs and organisms. The pattern of apoptotic cell d...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent serious neurological sequel. In neonatal brain the severity of hypoxic injury varies most probably due to the effects of multiple protective or deleterious factors. But the mechanisms under this difference are still not full under...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.032
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Being born in the winter and spring significantly increases one's risk for developing schizophrenia. This birth seasonality may account for as many as 10% of all cases of schizophrenia. Maternal third trimester infections or vitamin D deficiencies are hypothesized to be the most likely cause and can account for many o...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.019
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local-regional relapse is the main recurrence pattern of the carcinoma in gut, and leads to poor prognosis. With the development of the total mesorectal and complete mesocolic excision (TME/CME), the local relapse rate of colorectal cancer has significantly decreased. People attributed it to the improvement of lymphad...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.013
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, yet it is mechanistically considered a very inefficient process suggesting the presence of some sort of (e.g. systemic) routes for fuelling the process. The pre-metastatic niche formation is described as one such metastasis promoting route. Now, the emerging potentials ...
journal_title:Medical hypotheses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00