Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Gene conversion depends upon the same factors that carry out more general process of homologous recombination, including homologous gene targeting and recombinational repair. Among these are the RAD51 paralogs, conserved factors related to the key recombination factor, RAD51. In chicken and other fowl, gene conversion (templated mutation) diversifies immunoglobulin variable region sequences. This allows gene conversion and recombinational repair to be studied using the chicken DT40 B cell line, which carries out constitutive gene conversion and provides a robust and physiological model for homology-directed repair in vertebrate cells. RESULTS:We show that DT40 contains constitutive nuclear foci of the repair factors RAD51D and XRCC2, consistent with activated homologous recombination. Single-cell imaging of a DT40 derivative in which the rearranged and diversifying immunoglobulin lambdaR light chain gene is tagged with polymerized lactose operator, DT40 PolyLacO-lambdaR, showed that RAD51D and XRCC2 localize to the diversifying lambdaR gene. Colocalizations correlate both functionally and physically with active immunoglobulin gene conversion. Ectopic expression of either RAD51D or XRCC2 accelerated the clonal rate of gene conversion, and conversion tracts were significantly longer in RAD51D than XRCC2 transfectants. CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate direct functions of RAD51D and XRCC2 in immunoglobulin gene conversion, and also suggest that modulation of levels of repair factors may be a useful strategy to promote gene correction in other cell types.
journal_name
BMC Mol Bioljournal_title
BMC molecular biologyauthors
Ordinario EC,Yabuki M,Handa P,Cummings WJ,Maizels Ndoi
10.1186/1471-2199-10-98subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-28 00:00:00pages
98issn
1471-2199pii
1471-2199-10-98journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress can induce cell injury in vascular endothelial cells, which is the initial event in the development of atherosclerosis. Although quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in gene expression studies in oxidative stress injuries, using carefully validated ...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12867-017-0086-z
更新日期：2017-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Macrophages (Mtheta) play a central role in the innate immune response and in the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases. Macrophages treated with Th2-type cytokines such as Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) exhibit an altered phenotype and such alternatively activated macrophages are impor...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-7-45
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abstract：BACKGROUND:Cdc23/Mcm10 is required for the initiation and elongation steps of DNA replication but its biochemical function is unclear. Here, we probe its function using a novel approach in fission yeast, involving Cdc23 cleavage by the TEV protease. RESULTS:Insertion of a TEV protease cleavage site into Cdc23 allows i...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-6-13
更新日期：2005-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:RA (retinoic acid) signal pathway has been proved to be required for germ cell meiotic initiation in mammals, aves and amphibians. Stra8 (Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) is an important factor in RA signal pathway. However, the role of RA and Stra8 in germ cell meiotic initiation in teleosts is poorly ch...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-14-11
更新日期：2013-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Among the three functions of DNA, mammalian replication and transcription can be subject to epigenetic imprinting specified by the parental origin of chromosomes, and although there is suggestive indication that this is also true for meiotic recombination, no definitive evidence has yet been reported. RESUL...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the complete genome sequences of a large number of organisms have been determined, the exact proteomes need to be characterized. More specifically, the extent to which post-translational processes such as proteolysis affect the synthesized proteins has remained unappreciated. We examined this issue ...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-5-6
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Members of the Sox gene family isolated from both vertebrates and invertebrates have been proved to participate in a wide variety of developmental processes, including sex determination and differentiation. Among these members, Sox30 had been considered to exist only in mammals since its discovery, and its e...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-11-98
更新日期：2010-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 (TRPC1) is a widely-expressed mammalian cationic channel with functional effects that include stimulation of cardiovascular remodelling. The initial aim of this study was to investigate variation in TRPC1-encoding gene transcripts. RESULTS:Extensive TRPC1 transcript ...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-12-30
更新日期：2011-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human angiostrongyliasis is an emerging food-borne public health problem, with the number of cases increasing worldwide, especially in mainland China. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the causative agent of this severe disease. However, little is known about the genetics and basic biology of A. cantonensis. R...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-10-97
更新日期：2009-10-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12867-017-0089-9
更新日期：2017-04-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-10-74
更新日期：2009-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The challenge of determining amplification efficiency has long been a predominant aspect of implementing real-time qPCR, playing a critical role in the accuracy and reliability that can be achieved. Based upon analysis of amplification profile position, standard curves are currently the gold standard for amp...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-9-96
更新日期：2008-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) function in guiding 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). In recent years, more and more snoRNAs have been found to play novel roles in mRNA regulation, such as pre-mRNA splicing or RNA editing. In our previous study, ...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12867-019-0128-9
更新日期：2019-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication involves many protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. We have previously shown that 14-3-3 proteins bind cruciform DNA and associate with mammalian and yeast replication origins in a cell cycle dependent manner. RESULTS:By expressing the human 14-3-3epsilon, as...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-8-27
更新日期：2007-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Improving the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will depend on the development of better biomarkers for predicting disease progression and aiding the design of appropriate therapies. One such marker may be fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), also known as B-FABP and BLBP, which is expressed normally ...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-12-31
更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-8-37
更新日期：2007-05-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-8-112
更新日期：2007-12-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-7-46
更新日期：2006-12-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The mRNA translation initiation region (TIR) comprises the initiator codon, Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and translational enhancers. Probably the most abundant class of enhancers contains A/U-rich sequences. We have tested the influence of SD sequence length and the presence of enhancers on the efficiency o...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-8-100
更新日期：2007-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12867-015-0030-z
更新日期：2015-02-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-9-102
更新日期：2008-11-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-4-5
更新日期：2003-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Y chromosome of mammals is particularly prone to accumulate genes related to male fertility. However, the high rate of molecular evolution on this chromosome predicts reduced power to the across-species comparative approach in identifying male-specific genes that are essential for sperm production in hum...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-11-33
更新日期：2010-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:cDNA-RDA is one of the subtractive cloning techniques used to isolate differentially expressed genes between two complex cDNA populations. In the present study we present a modification of the protocol described by Hubank and Schatz. RESULTS:In the post-hybridization mix, the 5'-ends of homoduplexes of inte...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-3-6
更新日期：2002-04-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Naturally occurring tRNAs contain numerous modified nucleosides. They are formed by enzymatic modification of the primary transcripts during the complex RNA maturation process. In model organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae most enzymes involved in this process have been identified. Interes...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-7-23
更新日期：2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor PTEN predispose human beings to breast cancer, and genetic and epigenetic alterations of PTEN are also detected in sporadic human breast cancer. Germline Pten mutations in mice lead to the development of a variety of tumors, but mammary carcinomas are infrequently f...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-2-2
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteindelta (C/EBPdelta) is a member of the highly conserved C/EBP family of leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. C/EBPdelta is highly expressed in G0 growth arrested mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and "loss of function" alterations in C/EBPdelta have been associated with impaired contact...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-9-83
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conserved two-component system ColRS of Pseudomonas genus has been implicated in several unrelated phenotypes. For instance, deficiency of P. putida ColRS system results in lowered phenol tolerance, hindrance of transposition of Tn4652 and lysis of a subpopulation of glucose-grown bacteria. In order to disco...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-10-46
更新日期：2009-05-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-9-43
更新日期：2008-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) was originally identified as a neural adhesion molecule involved in axon guidance. In many human epithelial carcinomas L1CAM is overexpressed and thereby augments cell motility, invasion and metastasis formation. L1CAM positive carcinomas are associated with bad prognosi...
journal_title：BMC molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2199-11-64
更新日期：2010-08-27 00:00:00
