Abstract:
:Cells exposed to ionizing radiation show DNA damage, apoptosis, chromosomal aberrations or increased mutation frequency and for a long time it was generally accepted that these effects resulted from ionization of cell structures and the action of reactive oxygen species formed by water radiolysis. In the last few years, however, it has appeared that cells exposed to ionizing radiation and other genotoxic agents can release signals that induce very similar effects in non-targeted neighboring cells, phenomena known as bystander effects. These signals are transmitted to the neighboring non-hit cells by intercellular gap-junction communication or are released outside the cell, in the case of cultured cells into the medium. The signaling is mutual, and irradiated cells can also receive signals from non-irradiated neighbors. Most experiments show a decrease in survival of unirradiated bystander cells, but some studies of the influence of unirradiated or low dose-irradiated cells on those irradiated with higher doses show that intercellular bystander signaling can also increase the survival of irradiated cell populations. In the last few years, communication between irradiated and non-irradiated cells has attracted interest in many studies as a possible target for modulation of radiotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying bystander effects is important for radiation risk assessment and for evaluation of protocols for cancer radiotherapy. In this review we describe different aspects of ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects: experimental examples, types of DNA damage, situations in vivo, and their possible role in adaptive response to irradiation, and we discuss their possible significance for anticancer therapy.
journal_name
Eur J Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of pharmacologyauthors
Rzeszowska-Wolny J,Przybyszewski WM,Widel Mdoi
10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.07.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-25 00:00:00pages
156-64issue
1-3eissn
0014-2999issn
1879-0712pii
S0014-2999(09)00895-4journal_volume
625pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Neuropathic pain is among the most common and difficult-to-treat types of chronic pain and is associated with sodium channel malfunction. The sodium channel blocker ralfinamide has exhibited potent analgesic effects in several preclinical pain models and in patients with mixed neuropathic pain syndromes (Phase II tria...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.041
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous hydrogen sulfide is produced by cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase in a variety of tissues and has recently been implicated in the regulation of cardiac functions. Acceleration of the heart rate in response to catecholamines is impaired in patients with cirrhosis. The present study was aimed...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.039
更新日期:2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a signal molecule that induces stalk cell differentiation in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. In addition, DIF-1 is a potent antileukemic agent that induces growth arrest in K562 cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of DIF-1 in ...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.041
更新日期:2004-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Piper longum L. has been used as a crude drug for the treatment of the disorder of peripherally poor blood circulation in Asia. In the present study, we examined the effect of piperlongumine, a constituent of P. longum L., on rabbit platelet aggregation. Piperlongumine concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggr...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.073
更新日期:2007-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Some antidepressants, as well as antiepileptics, are effective for treating pain of varying etiology. The present study was designed to characterize the antinociceptive effects of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, a serotonin noradrenaline reupt...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.049
更新日期:2006-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::The high-level production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by inflammatory cytokines has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-mediated osteoporosis. In the present work, we observed that 1mM of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced an increase of the cytosolic calcium concentration (...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.009
更新日期:2013-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Mitiglinide (KAD-1229), a new anti-diabetic drug, is thought to stimulate insulin secretion by closing the ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels in pancreatic beta-cells. However, its selectivity for the various K(ATP) channels is not known. In this study, we examined the effects of mitiglinide on various cloned K(ATP) c...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01412-1
更新日期:2001-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::The direct effects or right atrial pacing and nitroglycerin on myocardial oxygen balance were studied in isolated canine hearts. Whereas atrial pacing produced an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and no change in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (P-50), an intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin d...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(75)90244-7
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, SDZ NVI-085 ((-)-(4aR,10aR)-3,4,4a,5,10,10a-hexahydro-6-methoxy-4- methyl-9-(methylthio)-2H-naphth[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazine.HCl; 1 mg/kg i.p.), decreased body temperature of guinea-pigs. Two 5-HT1D receptor antagonists, GR127935 (N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2'-methyl-4'-(...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00526-q
更新日期:1995-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Recently published studies have suggested that behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors are potentiated by coadministration of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. The potentiating effect is hypothesized to be due to antagonism of somatodendritic 5-HT...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01199-0
更新日期:1997-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Neuromedin K, a decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord and suggested to have tachykinin-like activity in vitro, produced reciprocal hind-limb scratching when injected intrathecally to mice. Neuromedin K was 20-60 times less potent in producing scratching (on a molar basis) than substance P, kassinin, eledoisin ...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(84)90499-0
更新日期:1984-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The role of dopamine transmission on striatal acetylcholine release was investigated by using brain microdialysis. Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors with (-)-sulpiride or haloperidol increased acetylcholine release to a maximum of 80% (after 50 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively). This effect was prevented by blockade of dop...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90409-x
更新日期:1994-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of acute p.o. pretraining treatment with an indirect acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, metrifonate, on water maze spatial navigation and passive avoidance behavior. Metrifonate (10-100 mg/kg, orally, p.o.) did not improve the water maze or passive avoidance performance of young intact rats. H...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00336-6
更新日期:1996-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::An antagonist of morphine analgesia, N-cyclopropylmethylnorazidomorphine (CAM) inhibited the"wet shakes" appearing during spontaneous or nalorphine-precipitated morphine abstinence. CAM inhibited the pinna reflex more strongly than did morphine and selectively antagonized quipazine-induced head twitches; its inhibitio...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(78)90358-8
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested for anti-nociceptive effects of the anticonvulsant KCNQ channel opener, N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (retigabine), in rat models of experimental pain. In the chronic constriction injury and spared nerve models of neuropathic pain, injection of retigabine (5 and 20 ...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02924-2
更新日期:2003-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Acoustic communication in male Chorthippus biguttulus is a suitable behavioral model to explore the physiological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of identified neuropeptides. Proctolin plays a modulatory role in a neuronal circuit controlling sexual behavior in these insects. Activation of proctolin recept...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.010
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to cause sexual dysfunction, such as decreased sexual motivation, desire, arousal, and orgasm difficulties. These SSRI-induced sexual complaints have a high prevalence rate, while there is no approved pharmacological treatment for SSRI-induced sexual dysfunctio...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.061
更新日期:2015-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Single channel currents were recorded from Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type and mutated P2X2 receptors. When 100 mM Na+ was used as the permeant cation, unitary currents of about 80 pS were recorded from the oocyte expressing the wild-type channels. The single channel conductance was roughly halved when Asn333 was...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00207-6
更新日期:1998-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::The acute administration of MDMA has been shown to promote glycogenolysis and increase the extracellular concentration of glucose in the striatum. In the present study the role of serotonergic and/or noradrenergic mechanisms in the MDMA-induced increase in extracellular glucose and glycogenolysis was assessed. The rel...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.004
更新日期:2010-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the long-term functional change in the 5-HT(2A) receptor after acute stress, we examined the effect of single footshock on head shake behavior induced by the 5-HT(2A) receptor agent (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) in rats. Head shakes were evoked in a dose-dependent manner by 0...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02302-6
更新日期:2002-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is extensively distributed in primary afferent sensory nerves, including those innervating the genitourinary tract. Capsaicin can stimulate the release of CGRP from intracellular stores of these nerves, but this phenomenon has not been investigated in-depth in isolated preparatio...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.031
更新日期:2011-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The spasmolytic activity of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) and its related peptides was determined in vitro using the chick rectum and the rat aorta. Natriuretic activity was also measured in the anesthetized rat, alpha-hANP-(7-28), with the NH2-terminal hexapeptide truncated, had greate...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(88)90632-2
更新日期:1988-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::When the prostate cancer cells become unresponsive to androgen therapy, resistance to chemotherapy becomes imminent, resulting in high mortality. To combat this situation, lycopodine, a pharmacologically important bioactive component derived from Lycopodium clavatum spores, was tested against hormone sensitive (LnCaP)...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.041
更新日期:2013-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of inhibitors of Ca(2+)-dependent endopeptidases (antipain and leupeptin) on morphine analgesia, reinforcing properties of morphine and on the development of opiate physical dependence were studied. Male Wistar rats were used. The analgesic action of morphine in the tail-immersion test was increased signif...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00092-1
更新日期:1996-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Tracazolate (ICI 136,753) 4-butylamine-1-ethyl-6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a non-benzodiazepine with anxiolytic-like activity in animal models. In contrast to the benzodiazepines, it enhances [3H]flunitrazepam binding in rat synaptic membrane fragments. The enhancement is potenti...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(82)90033-4
更新日期:1982-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this report is to present the results obtained with three new GABAB receptor antagonists. CGP 54062 has an IC50 in a GABAB binding test of 0.013 microM which is roughly 2500-fold lower than one of the most potent blockers known so far, CGP 35348 (IC50 = 34 microM). CGP 46381 and CGP 36742 have IC50s of 4.9...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(93)90048-m
更新日期:1993-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies from this laboratory suggested that two subtypes of substance P receptor may exist, based on the observations that substance P and related peptides did not exhibit complete cross-desensitisation on guinea-pig ileum, and that two distinct rank orders of potency of tachykinins were observed in various t...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(83)90052-3
更新日期:1983-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::In chloralose-anaesthesized cats, clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with an imidazole ring, depressed pudendal nerve reflex activity. Clonidine's inhibitory action on this compound action potential response was mimicked by guanabenz, a non-imidazole alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, and was reversed by SK & F 864...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-2999(91)90551-z
更新日期:1991-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex in rat pup ultrasonic vocalisations was studied by testing benzodiazepine receptor ligands with varying intrinsic activity and selectivity for benzodiazepine subtype receptors. Ultrasonic vocalisations were recorded under two temperature conditions (37 deg...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00603-7
更新日期:1998-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Although previous studies have demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba extract has modest effects in the improvement of memory and cognitive function of the Alzheimer's disease patients, the mechanism(s) underlying its beneficial effects remain(s) unclear. In this study, the effect of ginkgolide B, one of the major constituen...
journal_title:European journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.027
更新日期:2005-05-09 00:00:00