Abstract:
:Bacteraemia in children is a potentially life-threatening condition. The objective of this study was to determine trends in the aetiology of bacteraemia in children aged 1 month-15 years in England and Wales by collecting data voluntarily reported by National Health Service hospital microbiology laboratories. Over the 10-year period 1998-2007, a total of 51 788 bacteraemia cases involving 105 genera/species of bacteria were reported. Total annual reports of bacteraemia increased from 4125 to 6916, with a mean increase of 6.5 % per year (95 % CI: 1.3-12.1 %). In 2007, just over half the cases were accounted for by four groups of organisms: coagulase-negative staphylococci (28 %), Staphylococcus aureus (10 %), non-pyogenic streptococci (9 %) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 %). These organisms along with a further 13 species/genera accounted for 90 % of the cases. The commonest Gram-negative organisms were Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli, which each accounted for 5 % of total bacteraemia reports in 2007. There was a significant decrease in reports of bacteraemia due to the three vaccine-preventable pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitidis and Strep. pneumoniae, following the introduction of each vaccine programme or catch-up campaign. This study identified the commonest causes of bacteraemia in children in England and Wales, and highlighted the shifts in trends observed over time.
journal_name
J Med Microbioljournal_title
Journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Henderson KL,Johnson AP,Muller-Pebody B,Charlett A,Gilbert R,Sharland Mdoi
10.1099/jmm.0.015271-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-02-01 00:00:00pages
213-219issue
Pt 2eissn
0022-2615issn
1473-5644journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cholera toxin (CT) is the major virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae. Several genomic arrangements within the CTX cassette have been elucidated in V. cholerae. Previously, it was shown that three different CTX cassette arrangements, one complete CTX cassette (arrangement A), one complete and two incomplete CTX...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.038752-0
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In the present study, enhancement of the the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone against Gram-positive (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria with a biodegradable polymer was attempted. METHODOLOGY:MRSA and E. coli were collected and identified by bio...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000445
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced from mice immunised with whole cells of heat-killed Pasteurella multocida type A which had been cultured under iron-restricted conditions. The MAbs were selected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which the antigen consisted of whole bacteria of the immu...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-33-4-217
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The determinant responsible for the ability of Bacteroides spp. to inhibit polymorph phagocytic killing of aerobic organisms has not yet been identified. Therefore, the roles of lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis were investigated. Serum-resistant and serum-sensitive strains of Proteus mirab...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-17-3-259
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preliminary differentiation of Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and balcanica can be made with antisera that are collected from hamsters after experimental infection with serovar hardjo and selected for high homologous and low or nil heterologous titres, as measured by the microscopic agglutination test. Rabbit ...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-11-3-351
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, often causes oral mucositis, an inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Micro-organisms in the oral cavity are thought to play an important role in the aggravation and severity of mucositis, but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Although 5...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000292
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study attempted to determine whether cefuroxime was superior to cephalothin as a surrogate marker for cefpodoxime among urinary tract isolates. The MicroScan system (Siemens) was used to determine susceptibility for cephalothin and cefuroxime on consecutive cultures with a colony count of ≥50 000 organisms. Simul...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.063040-0
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-reactivity in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) response was studied in mice immunised with live Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B. Extensive cross-reactions outside the serogroup limits were observed. The ability of DH cross-reacting and non-cross-reacting sonicates to generate activated ma...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-21-3-233
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus that is an important cause of both acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide. To date, there are eight HEV genotypes that can infect mammals. HEV-1 and HEV-2 infect exclusively humans, while HEV-3 and HEV-4 infect humans and various animals, mainly pigs and deer. Additionally, two n...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000706
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 148 Vibrio cholerae isolates from a major shrimp production area in Southern Thailand were examined by colony hybridisation for genes encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST) and cholera toxin (CT). Only non-O1 V. cholerae strains were found to harbour NAG-ST (14 of 146) whereas no strains hybridised with ...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-43-3-216
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans, as an opportunistic pathogen, can cause superficial and life-threatening candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals. The formation of surface-associated biofilms and the appearance of drug resistance pose a significant challenge for clinical intervention. In this study, a total of 104 hospital-acqu...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.080200-0
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outer-membrane protein (OMP) was isolated from a clinical strain of Bacteroides distasonis. Changes in growth media did not appreciably affect the appearance of this protein in crude outer-membrane preparations examined by SDS-PAGE. However, the proportion of the protein relative to other OMPs was greater in 24-h c...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-37-3-165
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of cryptic plasmids among 123 isolates of Providencia stuarti from a hospital ward during a prospective epidemiological study is reported. Two closely related stable plasmids (34 Kb and 36 Kb) were identified by restriction endonuclease digest analysis of plasmid DNA. One or other of these cryptic pla...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-18-2-277
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive infections caused by Brevundimonas vesicularis are very rare in humans. We experienced an unusual case of liver abscess due to B. vesicularis in an immunocompetent young male. The patient was successfully treated by liver abscess drainage and with antimicrobial therapy of ceftriaxone followed by ampicillin/su...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.045120-0
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was performed on a retrospective set of 129 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained over a 20 month period from 70 children admitted to, or presenting at, the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The mean age of the children (at the end of the study) wa...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05251-0
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are laborious and time consuming. For this reason alternative rapid culture and DST techniques are urgently needed to shorten the time for drug-resistance detection. A total of 222 smear-positive sputum samples were evalu...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.070219-0
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micro-organisms isolated from the oral cavity may translocate to the lower airways during mechanical ventilation (MV) leading to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Changes within the dental plaque microbiome during MV have been documented previously, primarily using culture-based techniques. The aim of this study ...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000212
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal effects of itraconazole/voriconazole (ITR/VRC) alone and in combination with tetrandrine (TET) against 23 clinical isolates of A. fumigatus using a chequerboard microdilution method. The dynamic antifungal effects of TET with ITR/VRC against A. fumigatus were asse...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000120
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In-vitro proteinase production by oral Candida albicans isolates from patients with and without HIV infection (18 isolates from each group) was assessed by image analysis of a plate assay, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a substrate. The effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of nystatin, amphot...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-44-4-311
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a zoonotic pathogen that causes erysipelas in a variety of animals. In humans, in contrast to the cutaneous form called erysipeloid, which is an occupational disease and common in individuals who handle raw meat and fish, invasive systemic infections are unusual. E. rhusiopathiae expres...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001252
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As Mycobacterium leprae proliferate inside macrophages, it has been speculated that catalase encoded by katG may protect the bacilli from deleterious effects of peroxide generated from the macrophage and may also play a crucial role in the survival of M. leprae in vivo. However, unlike that of M. tuberculosis, the kat...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/0022-1317-50-8-675
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the first quarter of 1996, a major outbreak of clinical infection caused by multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MRKP) occurred in the neonatal ward of the 'Maternité Wassila Bourguiba' in Tunis, Tunisia. In total, 32 isolates of MRKP, comprising 23 clinical isolates and nine surveillance isolates, were recove...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.04981-0
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the immunoglobulin response to individual viral polypeptides in experimental primary and secondary infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 in mice. After a single footpad inoculation with 10(5.6) pfu of HSV-1, immunoglobulin to proteins mol. wts (10(3)) 44 and 75 appeared on day 7. Antibodies to gB, gC,...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-25-1-59
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) protein family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis includes 69 glycine-rich proteins with a conserved N-terminal domain. Their role in tuberculosis is unknown, but it has been speculated that they may have an important immunological significance. In this investigation, the immunogenicity of the ppe44 (...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.45960-0
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leclercia adecarboxylata is a rarely reported human pathogen, most commonly affecting immunocompromised individuals. In reported cases of immunocompetent patients infected with this organism, it is seen exclusively in the context of polymicrobial infections. We report here the case of an abscess in an immunocompetent ...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47673-0
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two chlamydial enzyme immunoassays, Chlamydiazyme and IDEIA, were evaluated in a mouse model of chlamydial genital-tract infection. The Chlamydiazyme assay and the IDEIA were assessed on specimens from 10 and 11 mice, respectively. The animals were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, strain SA2f, and the results obta...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-24-2-169
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is considered a reliable method for providing insight into the Streptococcus suis population structure, clonal relationships and the potential of particular clones to cause disease. Indeed, MLST has revealed the presence of several clonal complexes (CCs) within the Streptococcus suis ...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000239
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative anaerobe, causes a variety of necrotic infections in humans and animals. There are two subspecies: subsp. necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme. In cattle, subsp. necrophorum is more prevalent and production of leukotoxin is a major virulence factor. The leukotoxin operon (lktB...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47598-0
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have emerged globally and have been associated with more severe disease than healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory measures of virulence can distinguish dominant CA-MRSA clones from H...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000379
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA hybridisation of 309 consecutive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with oligonucleotide probes specific for genes encoding Panton-Valentine leucocidin (luk-PV) and gamma-haemolysin (hlg) revealed that 99% of randomly selected strains carried the hlg locus whereas only 2% harboured the luk-PV as well as the h...
journal_title:Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1099/00222615-42-4-237
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00